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In the 19th century, the philosophers of the 18th-century Enlightenment began to have a dramatic effect on subsequent developments in philosophy. In particular, the works of Immanuel Kant gave rise to a new generation of German philosophers and began to see wider recognition internationally. Also, in a reaction to the Enlightenment, a movement called Romanticism began to develop towards the end of the 18th century. Key ideas that sparked changes in philosophy were the fast progress of science, including evolution, most notably postulated by Charles Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and theories regarding what is today called emergent order, such as the free market of Adam Smith within nation states, or the Marxist approach concerning class warfare between the ruling class and the working c

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  • 19th-century philosophy (en)
  • فلسفة القرن التاسع عشر (ar)
  • Filosofia del segle XIX (ca)
  • Filozofie 19. století (cs)
  • Philosophie des 19. Jahrhunderts (de)
  • Filosofía del siglo XIX (es)
  • Filsafat abad ke-19 (in)
  • Filosofia del XIX secolo (it)
  • 19世紀の哲学 (ja)
  • 19세기 철학 (ko)
  • Filosofia do século XIX (pt)
  • Философия XIX века (ru)
  • 19世纪哲学 (zh)
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  • هذه قائمة جزئية بمدارس فلسفة القرن التاسع عشر (تُعرف أيضًا باسم الفلسفة الحديثة المتأخرة). (ar)
  • Filosofiie 19. století se od všech předchozích období zásadně odlišuje například tím, že: Významné osobnosti 1730-1850 * od filosofie se s konečnou platností oddělily jednotlivé vědy a získávají stále větší váhu; * typický filosof už není mnich, šlechtic ani chráněnec bohatého mecenáše, nýbrž univerzitní učitel; * nesmírně vzrostl počet profesionálních filosofů i jejich publikací; * filosofie se definitivně rozchází do mnoha více méně oddělených jazykových oblastí; * do popředí zájmu vstupují dějiny filosofie. (cs)
  • La filosofia del segle XIX agrupa tots els pensadors i corrents filosòfics del segle xix i està marcada per la pugna entre la raó sorgida de la Il·lustració precedent i l'auge de l'individu o la passió de moviments com el Romanticisme. La situació de la persona enfront de la història se suma a la tradicional preocupació per l'encaix entre el subjecte i la societat. A partir de la influència de Kant, es reorganitza també la mateixa disciplina de la filosofia, ara ja semiprofessionalitzada i independent d'altres estudis. La segueix la filosofia del segle XX. (ca)
  • 19세기에는 계몽주의 철학들이 극적인 효과를 내기 시작하던 시기로, 이마누엘 칸트와 장 자크 루소의 기념비적인 업적들이 새로운 세대의 사상가들에게 영향을 끼쳤다. 18세기 후반에 이르면 낭만주의로 알려진 운동이 과거의 형식적인 합리성에 거대하고 좀 더 직접적인 감정과 유기체의 감각을 결합시키려고 하였다. 이러한 변화에 불을 붙인 주요한 생각은 진화이었다. 진화는 요한 볼프강 폰 괴테, 이래즈머스 다윈, 찰스 다윈이 주장하였다. 또한 아담 스미스의 자유 시장 같은 새로운 질서가 출현하였다. 19세기는 평등주의의 압박과 좀 더 급격한 변화의 결과로 철학의 변화가 보여주는 것처럼 혁명과 소란의 시기가 되었다. (ko)
  • 19世紀の哲学(じゅうきゅうせいきのてつがく)では、19世紀の哲学、思想の動向を概述する。哲学史的において、19世紀は現代思想の原点となった時期とされる。 (ja)
  • No século XVIII, em que as filosofias do Iluminismo começaram a ter um efeito dramático, há um marco nos trabalhos de novos filósofos, como Immanuel Kant e Jean-Jacques Rousseau, que influenciam uma geração nova de pensadores, surgindo, assim a Filosofia do século XIX. Nos finais do século XIX um movimento conhecido como Romantismo buscou combinar a racionalidade formal do passado, com um maior e mais imediato senso emocional e orgânico do mundo. Ideias fundamentais que reluzem esta mudança são a Evolução, como postulado por Goethe, Erasmus Darwin e Charles Darwin. Pressões para igualitarismo e mudanças rápidas e forçosas, culminaram em um período de revolução e turbulência que fariam com que a filosofia mudasse de uma forma proveitosa. (pt)
  • Философия XIX века включает различные философские направления и школы, в том числе: романтизм и идеализм на подъёме немецкой философии, противоположное движение — позитивизм во Франции и Англии, материализм Маркса и Фейербаха, философию отдельных великих мыслителей (Шопенгауэр, Ницше, Кьеркегор), неокантианство, прагматизм и философию жизни. (ru)
  • 19世纪哲学从哲学史的观点考察,始于笛卡尔和培根的近代哲学以德国唯心主义形式走向顶峰。与此同时,马克思主义、功利主义、存在主义、精神分析学、实用主义各种思潮迅速发展起来,形成了现代哲学的起点。此外,以“回到康德那里去”为口号的新康德主义也成为哲学一大流派。 这一时期从社会背景上来看,18世纪启蒙运动时期哲学家们的思想开始迅速传播,康德、卢梭等巨匠划时代的著作对新一代的思想家们产生了深远的影响。法国大革命和拿破仑战争所引发的工业革命、民主思潮的影响普及开来,资本主义的兴起和帝国主义的扩张之间所产生的矛盾(贫困、殖民地支配、共同体崩溃等等)导致社会结构发生巨大变化。随着社会变迁而诞生的诸多变革,使得人们开始对诸多传统进行理性的批判。其中对基督教、牛顿力学和黑格尔哲学体系的反思使人类在诸多领域取得了巨大成就。 (zh)
  • In the 19th century, the philosophers of the 18th-century Enlightenment began to have a dramatic effect on subsequent developments in philosophy. In particular, the works of Immanuel Kant gave rise to a new generation of German philosophers and began to see wider recognition internationally. Also, in a reaction to the Enlightenment, a movement called Romanticism began to develop towards the end of the 18th century. Key ideas that sparked changes in philosophy were the fast progress of science, including evolution, most notably postulated by Charles Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and theories regarding what is today called emergent order, such as the free market of Adam Smith within nation states, or the Marxist approach concerning class warfare between the ruling class and the working c (en)
  • Die Philosophie des 19. Jahrhunderts reicht von der Romantik und dem Idealismus als einen der Höhepunkte der deutschen Philosophie über die vor allem in Frankreich und England starke Gegenbewegung des Positivismus, den Materialismus von Marx und Feuerbach und so starke Einzeldenker wie Schopenhauer, Nietzsche und Kierkegaard bis hin zum Neukantianismus, Pragmatismus und zur Lebensphilosophie. Sie zerfällt damit in so viele verschiedene Richtungen, dass sie nicht mehr mit einem zusammenfassenden Periodenbegriff bezeichnet und zusammengefasst werden kann. Nach einem allgemeinen Überblick werden daher die einzelnen Grundpositionen in etwa in ihrer historischen Reihenfolge je gesondert abgehandelt. Die Klassifizierungen und deren Abgrenzungen sind dabei teilweise willkürlich. So werden die Anf (de)
  • Pada abad ke-19, filosofi Zaman Pencerahan mulai memiliki efek dramatis, karya-karya terkenal para filsuf seperti Immanuel Kant dan Jean-Jacques Rousseau mempengaruhi generasi pemikir baru. Pada akhir abad ke-18 sebuah gerakan yang dikenal sebagai Romantisisme dimulai, aliran ini adalah emosi yang kuat sebagai pengalaman autentik yang bukan dari estetika, menempatkan penekanan baru pada emosi seperti rasa takut, ngeri dan teror serta kekaguman. Ide-ide kunci yang memicu perubahan dalam filsafat adalah kemajuan sains yang cepat: evolusi, sebagaimana didalilkan oleh Vanini, Diderot, Lord Monboddo, Erasmus Darwin, Lamarck, Goethe, dan Charles Darwin, dan apa yang sekarang disebut urutan emergent, seperti pasar bebas yang dikatakan Adam Smith di dalam suatu negara. Tekanan egalitarianisme, dan (in)
  • La filosofia del XIX secolo prende avvio dalla precedente stagione dell'Illuminismo, a cui contrappone i nuovi ideali del Romanticismo, sostituendo a una concezione della ragione astratta e livellatrice, che in nome dei suoi principi generici era giunta a produrre le stragi della Rivoluzione Francese, una «ragione storica» che tenesse conto anche delle peculiarità e dello spirito dei diversi popoli, a volte assimilati a degli organismi viventi, con una loro anima e una loro storia. La libertà che guida il popolo, di Eugène Delacroix (1830) (it)
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