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Accelerations in special relativity (SR) follow, as in Newtonian Mechanics, by differentiation of velocity with respect to time. Because of the Lorentz transformation and time dilation, the concepts of time and distance become more complex, which also leads to more complex definitions of "acceleration". SR as the theory of flat Minkowski spacetime remains valid in the presence of accelerations, because general relativity (GR) is only required when there is curvature of spacetime caused by the energy–momentum tensor (which is mainly determined by mass). However, since the amount of spacetime curvature is not particularly high on Earth or its vicinity, SR remains valid for most practical purposes, such as experiments in particle accelerators.

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  • Beschleunigung (spezielle Relativitätstheorie) (de)
  • Acceleration (special relativity) (en)
  • 狹義相對論中的加速度 (zh)
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  • Die Beschleunigung in der speziellen Relativitätstheorie (SRT) ist, wie in der Newtonschen Mechanik, die Ableitung der Geschwindigkeit nach der Zeit. Da in der SRT jedes Inertialsystem seine eigene Uhr mitführt, es also keine absolute Zeit gibt, folgen daraus komplexere Definitionen der Beschleunigung. Die SRT als Theorie der flachen Minkowski-Raumzeit ist also durchaus in der Lage, beschleunigte Bewegungen zu beschreiben, entgegen einer häufigen Fehlannahme. (de)
  • Accelerations in special relativity (SR) follow, as in Newtonian Mechanics, by differentiation of velocity with respect to time. Because of the Lorentz transformation and time dilation, the concepts of time and distance become more complex, which also leads to more complex definitions of "acceleration". SR as the theory of flat Minkowski spacetime remains valid in the presence of accelerations, because general relativity (GR) is only required when there is curvature of spacetime caused by the energy–momentum tensor (which is mainly determined by mass). However, since the amount of spacetime curvature is not particularly high on Earth or its vicinity, SR remains valid for most practical purposes, such as experiments in particle accelerators. (en)
  • 狹義相對論中的加速度類似於牛頓力學中的概念,乃速度對於時間的微分。因為相對論中的勞侖茲轉換及時間膨脹,時間與距離的概念變為複雜,因此「加速度」的定義也變得複雜。狹義相對論為平直閔考斯基時空的理論,即使加速度存在依然有效,前提是能量動量張量所造成的重力場效應可以忽略。否則,則需用到廣義相對論以及彎曲時空來詮釋。在地球表面附近,時空彎曲程度不明顯,因此實務上採用狹義相對論來詮釋物理現象仍是合宜作法,比如粒子加速器實驗。 如同在外界慣性座標系中的測量,三維空間中的普通加速度(稱為「三維加速度」或「座標加速度」)的轉換式可以推導得出。此外作為一特例,也可用共動(comoving)的加速規來測量固有加速度。另一種有用的形式是四維加速度,其分量可透過勞侖茲轉換在不同參考系中做連結。連結加速度與力的運動方程式也可得到。幾種特殊形式的加速物體運動方程式以及它們的彎曲世界線可以透過對上述方程式的積分求得。知名的特例如,適用於常數值縱向固有加速度的例子,以及等速率圓周運動。最後,在狹義相對論的架構下,描述加速參考系中的物理現象亦為可行。 (zh)
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