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Alexander Cumming FRSE (sometimes referred to as Alexander Cummings; 1733 – 8 March 1814) was a Scottish watchmaker and instrument inventor, who was the first to patent a design of the flush toilet in 1775, which had been pioneered by Sir John Harington, but without solving the problem of foul smells. As well as improving the flush mechanism, Cummings included an S-trap (or bend) to retain water permanently within the waste pipe, thus preventing sewer gases from entering buildings. Most modern flush toilets still include a similar trap.

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  • Alexander Cumming (en)
  • Alexander Cumming (de)
  • Alexander Cumming (es)
  • Alexander Cumming (eu)
  • Alexander Cumming (fr)
  • Alexander Cummings (pt)
rdfs:comment
  • Alexander Cumming FRSE (sometimes referred to as Alexander Cummings; 1733 – 8 March 1814) was a Scottish watchmaker and instrument inventor, who was the first to patent a design of the flush toilet in 1775, which had been pioneered by Sir John Harington, but without solving the problem of foul smells. As well as improving the flush mechanism, Cummings included an S-trap (or bend) to retain water permanently within the waste pipe, thus preventing sewer gases from entering buildings. Most modern flush toilets still include a similar trap. (en)
  • Alexander Cumming, askotan Cumming izenez ere ezaguna (Edinburgon, 1733an- (Londres), 1814ko martxoaren 8a), erlojugile, organogile eta asmatzaile eskoziarra izan zen. Komunaren diseinu bat patentatu zuen lehen asmatzailea izan zen. (eu)
  • Alexander Cumming FRSE (parfois appelé Alexander Cummings ; 1733 - 8 mars 1814) est un horloger et inventeur d'instruments écossais, qui est le premier à breveter une conception de toilette à chasse d'eau en 1775, qui est lancée par John Harington, mais sans résoudre le problème des odeurs nauséabondes. En plus d'améliorer le mécanisme de chasse d'eau, Cummings inclus un siphon en S (ou coude) pour retenir l'eau en permanence dans le tuyau d'évacuation, empêchant ainsi les gaz d'égout de pénétrer dans les bâtiments . La plupart des toilettes à chasse d'eau modernes comprennent toujours un siphon similaire. (fr)
  • Alexander Cumming (Edimburgo, 1733–1814) foi um matemático, mecânico e relojoeiro escocês. Alexander ficou famoso por ter sido a primeira pessoa a patentear um design de descarga sanitária. (pt)
  • Alexander Cumming (* zwischen 1731 und 1733 in Edinburgh; † 8. März 1814 in Pentonville, London) war ein Uhrmacher, Mathematiker, Mechaniker und Orgelbauer, der sich in der New Bond Street in London niedergelassen hatte. Im Jahr 1781 wurde er Mitglied der Worshipful Company of Clockmakers. Tatsächlich wurde das erste Wasserklosett 1810, also 35 Jahre später, in Betrieb genommen. Im Orgelbau erfand er Parallel-Magazinbälge. 1783 wurde er zum Fellow der Royal Society of Edinburgh gewählt. (de)
  • Alexander Cumming, a menudo referido también como Cumming (nacido en Edimburgo en 1733, fallecido el 8 de marzo de 1814), fue un relojero escocés, y el primero en patentar un diseño del inodoro. Cumming fue un matemático, mecánico y relojero. Escribió libros sobre los relojes y sus mecanismos, sobre el efecto en la vía de las ruedas de carro con llantas de varias formas, y sobre la influencia de la gravedad. Se convirtió en juez en 1779 y miembro de la Royal Society de Edimburgo en 1783.​​ (es)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alexander_Cumming_Clockmaker.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cummings_S-bend.jpg
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death place
  • Pentonville, England (en)
death date
birth place
  • Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (en)
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