Anastasia R. Makarova (born 8 January 2003) is a Russian competitive swimmer specializing in breaststroke and freestyle events. She won three gold medals, a silver medal, and a bronze medal at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. At the European Junior Swimming Championships in 2018 and 2019 she won a total of two gold medals, four silver medals, and one gold medal. In 2019, she won three silver medals at the World Junior Swimming Championships.