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The Anti-Jacobin, or, Weekly Examiner was an English newspaper founded by George Canning in 1797 and devoted to opposing the radicalism of the French Revolution. It lasted only a year, but was considered highly influential, and is not to be confused with the Anti-Jacobin Review, a publication which sprang up on its demise. The Revolution polarized British political opinion in the 1790s, with conservatives outraged at the killing of the king Louis XVI of France, the expulsion of the nobles, and the Reign of Terror. Great Britain went to war against Revolutionary France. Conservatives castigated every radical opinion in Great Britain as "Jacobin" (in reference to the leaders of the Terror), warning that radicalism threatened an upheaval of British society. The Anti-Jacobin sentiment was expr

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  • Anti-Jacobin (en)
  • The Anti-Jacobin (fr)
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  • The Anti-Jacobin, or, Weekly Examiner was an English newspaper founded by George Canning in 1797 and devoted to opposing the radicalism of the French Revolution. It lasted only a year, but was considered highly influential, and is not to be confused with the Anti-Jacobin Review, a publication which sprang up on its demise. The Revolution polarized British political opinion in the 1790s, with conservatives outraged at the killing of the king Louis XVI of France, the expulsion of the nobles, and the Reign of Terror. Great Britain went to war against Revolutionary France. Conservatives castigated every radical opinion in Great Britain as "Jacobin" (in reference to the leaders of the Terror), warning that radicalism threatened an upheaval of British society. The Anti-Jacobin sentiment was expr (en)
  • The Anti-Jacobin, or Weekly Examiner est un hebdomadaire créé à Londres par George Canning en 1797. William Gifford en était le directeur. Le premier numéro parut le 20 novembre 1797 et par la suite tous les lundis de la session parlementaire de 1797-1798. Pour faire connaître l'Anti-Jacobin, Canning paya au caricaturiste James Gillray des dessins sur le thème des principes anti-jacobins, et l'artiste aurait fourni vingt dessins selon cet accord. Par ailleurs, l'artiste reçut une pension du gouvernement. Le Premier ministre, William Pitt le Jeune, contribua également au journal. (fr)
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  • The Anti-Jacobin, or, Weekly Examiner was an English newspaper founded by George Canning in 1797 and devoted to opposing the radicalism of the French Revolution. It lasted only a year, but was considered highly influential, and is not to be confused with the Anti-Jacobin Review, a publication which sprang up on its demise. The Revolution polarized British political opinion in the 1790s, with conservatives outraged at the killing of the king Louis XVI of France, the expulsion of the nobles, and the Reign of Terror. Great Britain went to war against Revolutionary France. Conservatives castigated every radical opinion in Great Britain as "Jacobin" (in reference to the leaders of the Terror), warning that radicalism threatened an upheaval of British society. The Anti-Jacobin sentiment was expressed in print. William Gifford was its editor. Its first issue was published on 20 November 1797 and during the parliamentary session of 1797–98 it was issued every Monday. The Anti-Jacobin was planned by Canning when he was Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. He secured the collaboration of George Ellis, John Hookham Frere, William Gifford, and some others. William Gifford was appointed working editor. Canning founded it, in his words, "...to be full of sound reasoning, good principles, and good jokes and to set the mind of the people right upon every subject." One of Canning's biographers described its purpose as to "...deride and refute the ideas of the Jacobins, present the government's point of view on the issues of the day and expose the misinformation and misinterpretation which filled the opposition newspapers." In its first issue Canning said he and his friends: ...avow ourselves to be partial to the COUNTRY in which we live, notwithstanding the daily panegyrics which we read and hear on the superior virtues and endowments of its rival and hostile neighbours. We are prejudiced in favour of her Establishments, civil and religious; though without claiming for either that ideal perfection, which modern philosophy professes to discover in the more luminous systems which are arising on all sides of us. Canning set out his "most serious, vehement and effective onslaught in verse" on the values of the French Revolution in a long poem, New Morality, published in the last issue of the Anti-Jacobin (No. 36, 9 July 1798). Canning considered these values as "French philanthropy" that professed a love of all mankind whilst eradicating every patriotic impulse. He described anyone in Great Britain who held these values as a "pedant prig" who "...disowns a Briton's part, And plucks the name of England from his heart...": To publicise the Anti-Jacobin, Canning paid the cartoonist James Gillray to publish plates themed on the Anti-Jacobin's principles, and some believe that twenty Gillray plates were the fruit of this arrangement. William Pitt the Younger, the Prime Minister, also contributed to the newspaper. The Anti-Jacobin estimated that its total readership was 50,000. They multiplied the regular weekly sale of 2,500 by seven (arriving at 17,500) because that was the average size of a family—and added 32,500 based on the assumption that many readers lent their copies to their poorer neighbours. (en)
  • The Anti-Jacobin, or Weekly Examiner est un hebdomadaire créé à Londres par George Canning en 1797. William Gifford en était le directeur. Le premier numéro parut le 20 novembre 1797 et par la suite tous les lundis de la session parlementaire de 1797-1798. Canning le fonda, selon ses mots, pour « être plein de bruyants raisonnements, de bons principes et de bonnes plaisanteries, et former droit l'esprit des gens sur chaque sujet. » L'un des biographes de Canning décrit ses buts comme étant de « railler et réfuter les idées des Jacobins, de présent le point de vue du gouvernement sur les sujets du jour et d'exposer la désinformation et les contresens dont étaient pleins les journaux de l'opposition. » Dans les premiers numéros, Canning affirmait que lui et ses amis : « …avouent eux-mêmes être partiaux à l'égard du PAYS dans lequel nous vivons, malgré les panégyriques quotidiens que nous lisons et entendons sur les vertus supérieures et atouts de ses voisins rivaux et hostiles. Nous sommes prévenus en faveur de ses élites, civiles et religieuses ; bien que sans revendiquer pour l'un ou l'autre que l'idéale perfection, que la philosophie moderne prétend découvrir dans les plus lumineux systèmes qui surgissent de toutes parts. » La « plus sérieuse, véhémente et efficace attaque en vers » de Canning contre les valeurs de la Révolution française se trouvait dans un long poème, New Morality, publié dans le dernier numéro de l'Anti-Jacobin (no 36, 9 juillet 1798). Canning considérait ces valeurs comme la « philanthropie française » qui professerait un amour de l'ensemble de l'humanité dans le même temps qu'elle éradiquerait tout sentiment patriotique. Il traitait les partisans de ces idées en Grande-Bretagne de « pharisiens pédants » qui « renient une part de Britannique, et rejettent le nom de l'Angleterre de leur cœur » : Pour faire connaître l'Anti-Jacobin, Canning paya au caricaturiste James Gillray des dessins sur le thème des principes anti-jacobins, et l'artiste aurait fourni vingt dessins selon cet accord. Par ailleurs, l'artiste reçut une pension du gouvernement. Le Premier ministre, William Pitt le Jeune, contribua également au journal. L'Anti-Jacobin estimait à 50 000 le nombre total de ses lecteurs : il multipliait par sept les 2 500 exemplaires du journal régulièrement écoulés chaque semaine sous prétexte que c'était la taille moyenne d'une famille britannique de l'époque, arrivant ainsi à 17 500 lecteurs ; à quoi il ajoutait 32 500 lecteurs sous prétexte que de nombreux lecteurs prêtaient leur exemplaire à leur voisins plus pauvres. Le journal est aujourd'hui plus connu pour ses quatre parodies ridiculisant des poèmes de Robert Southey, alors partisan des idées républicaines, parus dans les premiers numéros, en novembre-décembre 1797, que pour ses articles, ses vers patriotiques ou ses imitations latines. Parmi les autres victimes de la revue, on compte également le chef des Whigs Charles James Fox et les poètes Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Charles Lamb ou Charles Lloyd. (fr)
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