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An apportionment paradox exists when the rules for apportionment in a political system produce results which are unexpected or seem to violate common sense. To apportion is to divide into parts according to some rule, the rule typically being one of proportion. Certain quantities, like milk, can be divided in any proportion whatsoever; others, such as horses, cannot—only whole numbers will do. In the latter case, there is an inherent tension between the desire to obey the rule of proportion as closely as possible and the constraint restricting the size of each portion to discrete values. This results, at times, in unintuitive observations, or paradoxes.

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rdf:type	Thing yago:WikicatVotingSystemCriteria yago:WikicatVotingSystems yago:WikicatParadoxes yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Cognition100023271 yago:Communication100033020 yago:Content105809192 yago:Contradiction107206887 yago:Falsehood106756407 yago:Idea105833840 yago:LegalSystem105903229 yago:Measure100033615 yago:Message106598915 yago:Paradox106724559 yago:Plan105898568 yago:PlanOfAction105902545 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:Standard107260623 yago:Statement106722453 yago:System105902872 yago:SystemOfMeasurement113577171 yago:VotingSystem105904135
rdfs:label	Wählerzuwachsparadoxon (de) Apportionment paradox (en)
rdfs:comment	Als Wählerzuwachsparadoxon (engl. Population-Paradox) wird folgende als paradox angesehene Konsequenz von Sitzzuteilungsverfahren bezeichnet: Stimmenzuwächse oder -verluste einer Partei bewirken eine Mandatsverschiebung zwischen zwei anderen Parteien. (de) An apportionment paradox exists when the rules for apportionment in a political system produce results which are unexpected or seem to violate common sense. To apportion is to divide into parts according to some rule, the rule typically being one of proportion. Certain quantities, like milk, can be divided in any proportion whatsoever; others, such as horses, cannot—only whole numbers will do. In the latter case, there is an inherent tension between the desire to obey the rule of proportion as closely as possible and the constraint restricting the size of each portion to discrete values. This results, at times, in unintuitive observations, or paradoxes. (en)
rdfs:seeAlso	State-population monotonicity Coherence (fairness)
dcterms:subject	Apportionment (politics) Decision-making paradoxes
Wikipage page ID	491556 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1121214703 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Proof of impossibility Proportionality (mathematics) Apportionment (politics) Apportionment (politics) Huntington–Hill method Peyton Young United States Census Bureau United States Congressional Apportionment United States Constitution United States House of Representatives United States congressional apportionment 1876 United States presidential election Common sense Mathematics Rutherford Hayes Quota rule George Washington Thomas Jefferson House monotonicity Largest remainder method Alabama Alexander Hamilton Paradox Proportional representation Highest averages method Decision-making paradoxes Coherence (fairness) Michel Balinski Oklahoma Huntington-Hill method Samuel Tilden Hamilton method United States Census, 1880 United States Census, 1900
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://www.cut-the-knot.org/ctk/Democracy.shtml http://www.cut-the-knot.org/ctk/Democracy.shtml%23alabama http://www.cut-the-knot.org/ctk/Democracy.shtml%23new-states http://www.cut-the-knot.org/ctk/Democracy.shtml%23population https://www.ams.org/featurecolumn/archive/apportionII3.html
sameAs	Apportionment paradox Apportionment paradox Apportionment paradox Apportionment paradox Apportionment paradox
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate	dbt:Cn dbt:Reflist dbt:Rp dbt:See_also dbt:Short_description dbt:Decision_theory_paradoxes
has abstract	An apportionment paradox exists when the rules for apportionment in a political system produce results which are unexpected or seem to violate common sense. To apportion is to divide into parts according to some rule, the rule typically being one of proportion. Certain quantities, like milk, can be divided in any proportion whatsoever; others, such as horses, cannot—only whole numbers will do. In the latter case, there is an inherent tension between the desire to obey the rule of proportion as closely as possible and the constraint restricting the size of each portion to discrete values. This results, at times, in unintuitive observations, or paradoxes. Several paradoxes related to apportionment, also called fair division, have been identified. In some cases, simple post facto adjustments, if allowed, to an apportionment methodology can resolve observed paradoxes. However, as shown by examples relating to the United States House of Representatives, and subsequently proven by the Balinski–Young theorem, mathematics alone cannot always provide a single, fair resolution to the apportionment of remaining fractions into discrete equal whole-number parts, while complying fully with all the competing fairness elements. (en) Als Wählerzuwachsparadoxon (engl. Population-Paradox) wird folgende als paradox angesehene Konsequenz von Sitzzuteilungsverfahren bezeichnet: Stimmenzuwächse oder -verluste einer Partei bewirken eine Mandatsverschiebung zwischen zwei anderen Parteien. (de)
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Apportionment_paradox?oldid=1121214703&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	15523 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Apportionment_paradox
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	List of United States congressional districts 2007 Ontario electoral reform referendum United States congressional apportionment Index of philosophy articles (A–C) Quota rule Vote-ratio monotonicity Mathematics of apportionment Largest remainder method Alabama paradox Coherence (fairness) Apportionment (disambiguation) Apportionment paradoxes

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