An Arctic–alpine taxon is one whose natural distribution includes the Arctic and more southerly mountain ranges, particularly the Alps. The presence of identical or similar taxa in both the tundra of the far north, and high mountain ranges much further south is testament to the similar environmental conditions found in the two locations. Arctic–alpine plants, for instance, must be adapted to the low temperatures, extremes of temperature, strong winds and short growing season; they are therefore typically low-growing and often form mats or cushions to reduce water loss through evapotranspiration.
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| - Arctic–alpine (en)
- Arctico-alpin (fr)
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| - An Arctic–alpine taxon is one whose natural distribution includes the Arctic and more southerly mountain ranges, particularly the Alps. The presence of identical or similar taxa in both the tundra of the far north, and high mountain ranges much further south is testament to the similar environmental conditions found in the two locations. Arctic–alpine plants, for instance, must be adapted to the low temperatures, extremes of temperature, strong winds and short growing season; they are therefore typically low-growing and often form mats or cushions to reduce water loss through evapotranspiration. (en)
- Un taxon arctico-alpin (ou arcto-alpin ou arctique-alpin) se caractérise par une distribution naturelle qui comprend les régions arctiques et plus au sud les chaînes de montagnes, en particulier les Alpes. (fr)
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| - Oxyria digyna growing in the Svalbard archipelago (en)
- Silene acaulis growing in northern Norway (en)
- Silene acaulis growing in the Austrian Alps (en)
- Oxyria digyna growing in the Californian Sierra Nevada (en)
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| - Examples of Arctic–alpine plants (en)
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| - Mountain sorrel Oxyria digyna.jpg (en)
- Oxyria digyna IMG 3642 fjellsyre longyeardalen.JPG (en)
- Silene acaulis .JPG (en)
- Silene acaulis LC0153.jpg (en)
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| - An Arctic–alpine taxon is one whose natural distribution includes the Arctic and more southerly mountain ranges, particularly the Alps. The presence of identical or similar taxa in both the tundra of the far north, and high mountain ranges much further south is testament to the similar environmental conditions found in the two locations. Arctic–alpine plants, for instance, must be adapted to the low temperatures, extremes of temperature, strong winds and short growing season; they are therefore typically low-growing and often form mats or cushions to reduce water loss through evapotranspiration. It is often assumed that an organism which currently has an Arctic–alpine distribution was, during colder periods of the Earth's history (such as during the Pleistocene glaciations), widespread across the area between the Arctic and the Alps. This is known from pollen records to be true for Dryas octopetala, for instance. In other cases, the disjunct distribution may be the result of long-distance dispersal. Examples of Arctic–alpine plants include:
* Arabis alpina
* Betula nana
* Draba incana
* Dryas octopetala
* Gagea serotina (syn. Lloydia serotina)
* Loiseleuria procumbens
* Micranthes stellaris
* Oxyria digyna
* Ranunculus glacialis
* Salix herbacea
* Saussurea alpina
* Saxifraga oppositifolia
* Silene acaulis
* Thalictrum alpinum
* Veronica alpina (en)
- Un taxon arctico-alpin (ou arcto-alpin ou arctique-alpin) se caractérise par une distribution naturelle qui comprend les régions arctiques et plus au sud les chaînes de montagnes, en particulier les Alpes. La présence de taxons identiques ou similaires dans la toundra du Grand Nord et dans l'étage alpin de chaînes de montagnes élevées situées bien plus au sud témoigne de conditions environnementales similaires observées dans les deux situations. Les plantes arctico-alpines doivent, par exemple, être adaptées aux basses températures, aux températures extrêmes, aux vents forts et à la courte saison de croissance. Elles ont donc généralement une croissance faible et forment souvent des tapis ou des coussins permettant de réduire la perte d'eau par évapotranspiration. On suppose que les organismes qui ont actuellement une distribution arctico-alpine étaient, pendant des périodes plus froides de l'histoire de la Terre (par exemple pendant les glaciations du Pléistocène), répandues dans les régions situées entre la région arctique et les Alpes. Cela est vérifié, par exemple, pour Dryas octopetala, à partir des restes de pollen fossile. Dans d'autres cas, la distribution disjointe peut être le résultat d'une dispersion à longue distance. (fr)
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