Ben Franklin Caldwell (August 2, 1848 – December 29, 1924) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born near Carrollton, Illinois, Caldwell moved to Illinois in April 1853 with his parents, who settled near Chatham, Illinois. He attended the public schools, and thereafter engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served as member of the Board of Supervisors of Sangamon County in 1877 and 1878. He served as member of the Illinois House of Representatives 1882-1886, and served in the Illinois Senate 1890-1894.