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Biofumigation is a method of pest control in agriculture, a variant of fumigation where the gaseous active substance—fumigant—is produced by decomposition of plant material freshly chopped and buried in the soil for this purpose.

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  • Biofumigation (de)
  • Biofumigation (en)
  • Biofumigation (fr)
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  • Le concept de biofumigation désigne des méthodes de désinfection alternative à la fumigation chimique, avec production in situ d'un fumigant par des plantes (on parle parfois aussi de « biodésinfection » du sol). C'est une des alternatives à l'utilisation du bromure de méthyle, toxique, gaz à effet de serre et destructeur de la couche d'ozone. Lors de la décomposition de la culture, celle-ci libère dans le sol des composés volatiles toxiques pour des types d'organismes du sol et contribue à la lutte contre les ravageurs ou agents pathogènes du sol. (fr)
  • Biofumigation is a method of pest control in agriculture, a variant of fumigation where the gaseous active substance—fumigant—is produced by decomposition of plant material freshly chopped and buried in the soil for this purpose. (en)
  • Als Biofumigation wird in der Landwirtschaft eine Methode bezeichnet, um Nematoden und Pilzbefall von Nutzpflanzen zu reduzieren. Dies wird erreicht, indem bestimmte Pflanzenarten als Zwischenfrucht und zur Gründüngung angebaut werden, die in ihren Zellen Stoffe enthalten, die beim Unterarbeiten der Pflanzen in den Boden dort Krankheitserreger reduzieren. (de)
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  • Als Biofumigation wird in der Landwirtschaft eine Methode bezeichnet, um Nematoden und Pilzbefall von Nutzpflanzen zu reduzieren. Dies wird erreicht, indem bestimmte Pflanzenarten als Zwischenfrucht und zur Gründüngung angebaut werden, die in ihren Zellen Stoffe enthalten, die beim Unterarbeiten der Pflanzen in den Boden dort Krankheitserreger reduzieren. Beispiele finden sich bei den Kreuzblütlern Sinapis alba (Weißer Senf), Brassica juncea (Indischer Senf) und Raphanus sativus (Ölrettich). Ausgewählte Sorten enthalten in Vakuolen , die bei Zerstörung der Zellen (durch Insektenfraß oder Häckseln) von dem im Zellplasma enthaltenen Enzym Myrosinase in Zucker und Isothiocyanat gespalten werden. Für die Anwendung in garten- und landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen wird der Senf üblicherweise im Frühjahr oder Herbst ausgesät und zur vollen Blüte (nach etwa 70 Tagen) möglichst klein gehäckselt und sofort in den Boden eingearbeitet. Der Boden sollte nicht zu trocken sein. (de)
  • Biofumigation is a method of pest control in agriculture, a variant of fumigation where the gaseous active substance—fumigant—is produced by decomposition of plant material freshly chopped and buried in the soil for this purpose. Plants from the Brassicaceae family (e.g., mustards, cauliflower, and broccoli) are primarily used due to their high glucosinolate content; in the process of decomposition, glucosinolates are broken down to volatile isothiocyanates which are toxic to soil organisms such as bacteria, fungi and nematodes, but less toxic and persistent in the environment than synthetic fumigants. Alternatively, grasses such as sorghum can be used, in which case hydrogen cyanide is produced to similar effect. The method consists of mowing and chopping the plants during flowering to ensure maximum glucosinolate content and speed up decomposition. The ground needs to be irrigated to field capacity, after which the chopped material is incorporated into the top layer and covered with impermeable film to prevent the gas from escaping. After three or four weeks, the film is removed and the ground is ready for planting 24 hours later. Burying biofumigant crops after the growing season to plant cash crops normally next year may in theory lead to buildup of active substance in the soil after a few cycles of crop rotation, but direct short-term suppression of pests is not notable in this case. The method can be used as a more sustainable and environment-friendly alternative to classic fumigation and other chemical pest control methods. Additionally, it can serve to replenish the nutrient content of the soil and promote growth of beneficial organisms. On the other hand, it requires changes in cultivation practice due to the time needed for the method to take effect, can be costly if biofumigant-producing plants need to be brought from elsewhere (i. e. if they are not used in crop rotation to be chopped and buried on site), and is difficult to standardize due to varying active substance content in different cultivars. (en)
  • Le concept de biofumigation désigne des méthodes de désinfection alternative à la fumigation chimique, avec production in situ d'un fumigant par des plantes (on parle parfois aussi de « biodésinfection » du sol). C'est une des alternatives à l'utilisation du bromure de méthyle, toxique, gaz à effet de serre et destructeur de la couche d'ozone. Lors de la décomposition de la culture, celle-ci libère dans le sol des composés volatiles toxiques pour des types d'organismes du sol et contribue à la lutte contre les ravageurs ou agents pathogènes du sol. (fr)
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