The Chalisa famine of 1783–1784 in the Indian subcontinent followed unusual El Niño events that began in 1780 and caused droughts throughout the region. Chalisa (literally, "of the fortieth" in Hindustani) refers to the Vikram Samvat calendar year 1840 (1783). The famine affected many parts of North India, especially the Delhi territories, present-day Uttar Pradesh, Eastern Punjab, Rajputana, and Kashmir, then all ruled by different Indian rulers. The Chalisa was preceded by a famine in the previous year, 1782–1783, in South India, including Madras City and surrounding areas (under British East India Company rule) and in the extended Kingdom of Mysore (under the rule of Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan).
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| - Chalisa famine (en)
- مجاعة تشاليسا (ar)
- Fome Chalisa (pt)
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| - جاءت مجاعة تشاليسا في 1783-1784 في شبه القارة الهندية في أعقاب أحداث النينيو غير العادية التي بدأت في عام 1780 وتسببت في حدوث حالات جفاف في جميع أنحاء المنطقة. تشير تشاليسا (حرفيا، «الأربعون» في الهندوستانية) إلى تقويم فيكرام سامفات عام 1840 (1783). أثرت المجاعة على أجزاء كثيرة من شمال الهند، لا سيما أقاليم دلهي، وأوتار براديش الحالية، وشرق البنجاب، وراجبوتانا، وكشمير، ثم حكمها حكام هنود مختلفون. سبقت تشاليسا مجاعة في العام السابق، 1782-1783، في جنوب الهند، بما في ذلك مدينة مدراس والمناطق المحيطة بها (تحت حكم شركة الهند الشرقية البريطانية) وفي مملكة ميسور الممتدة (تحت حكم حيدر علي وتيبو. سلطان). (ar)
- The Chalisa famine of 1783–1784 in the Indian subcontinent followed unusual El Niño events that began in 1780 and caused droughts throughout the region. Chalisa (literally, "of the fortieth" in Hindustani) refers to the Vikram Samvat calendar year 1840 (1783). The famine affected many parts of North India, especially the Delhi territories, present-day Uttar Pradesh, Eastern Punjab, Rajputana, and Kashmir, then all ruled by different Indian rulers. The Chalisa was preceded by a famine in the previous year, 1782–1783, in South India, including Madras City and surrounding areas (under British East India Company rule) and in the extended Kingdom of Mysore (under the rule of Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan). (en)
- A Fome Chalisa de 1783-1784 no Sul da Ásia seguiu eventos não usuais de El Niño que iniciaram em 1780, causando secas pela região. Chalisa (literalmente, "dos quarentas" em Hindustani) refere-se ao ano de 1840 (1783) no calendário . A fome afetou muitas partes do norte Indiano, especialmente os territórios Deli, atual Uttar Pradesh, leste de Punjab, Rajputana e Caxemira, então todos controlados por diferentes governantes. A Chalisa foi precedida por uma fome no ano anterior, em 1782-1783, no sul da Índia, incluindo a cidade de Madrasta e áreas adjacentes (sob controle da Companhia Britânica das Índias Orientais) e se estendeu até o Reino de Mysore. (pt)
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| - جاءت مجاعة تشاليسا في 1783-1784 في شبه القارة الهندية في أعقاب أحداث النينيو غير العادية التي بدأت في عام 1780 وتسببت في حدوث حالات جفاف في جميع أنحاء المنطقة. تشير تشاليسا (حرفيا، «الأربعون» في الهندوستانية) إلى تقويم فيكرام سامفات عام 1840 (1783). أثرت المجاعة على أجزاء كثيرة من شمال الهند، لا سيما أقاليم دلهي، وأوتار براديش الحالية، وشرق البنجاب، وراجبوتانا، وكشمير، ثم حكمها حكام هنود مختلفون. سبقت تشاليسا مجاعة في العام السابق، 1782-1783، في جنوب الهند، بما في ذلك مدينة مدراس والمناطق المحيطة بها (تحت حكم شركة الهند الشرقية البريطانية) وفي مملكة ميسور الممتدة (تحت حكم حيدر علي وتيبو. سلطان). (ar)
- The Chalisa famine of 1783–1784 in the Indian subcontinent followed unusual El Niño events that began in 1780 and caused droughts throughout the region. Chalisa (literally, "of the fortieth" in Hindustani) refers to the Vikram Samvat calendar year 1840 (1783). The famine affected many parts of North India, especially the Delhi territories, present-day Uttar Pradesh, Eastern Punjab, Rajputana, and Kashmir, then all ruled by different Indian rulers. The Chalisa was preceded by a famine in the previous year, 1782–1783, in South India, including Madras City and surrounding areas (under British East India Company rule) and in the extended Kingdom of Mysore (under the rule of Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan). Together the two famines may have depopulated many regions of India, including, for example, 17 percent of the villages in the Sirkali region of present-day Tamil Nadu, 60 percent of the villages in the middle Doab of present-day Uttar Pradesh, and over 30 per cent of the villages in the regions around Delhi. It is thought that up to 11 million people may have died in the two famines. (en)
- A Fome Chalisa de 1783-1784 no Sul da Ásia seguiu eventos não usuais de El Niño que iniciaram em 1780, causando secas pela região. Chalisa (literalmente, "dos quarentas" em Hindustani) refere-se ao ano de 1840 (1783) no calendário . A fome afetou muitas partes do norte Indiano, especialmente os territórios Deli, atual Uttar Pradesh, leste de Punjab, Rajputana e Caxemira, então todos controlados por diferentes governantes. A Chalisa foi precedida por uma fome no ano anterior, em 1782-1783, no sul da Índia, incluindo a cidade de Madrasta e áreas adjacentes (sob controle da Companhia Britânica das Índias Orientais) e se estendeu até o Reino de Mysore. Juntas, as duas fomes possivelmente depopularam muitas regiões da Índia, incluindo, por exemplo, 17% das vilas na região de Sirkali, atual Tamil Nadu, 60% das vilas em Doab meridional do atual Uttar Pradesh, e mais de 30% das vilas nas regiões em torno de Deli. Aproximadamente 11 milhões de pessoas possivelmente morreram nas duas fomes. (pt)
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