The cleithrum (plural cleithra) is a membrane bone which first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it runs vertically along the scapula. Its name is derived from Greek κλειθρον = "key (lock)", by analogy with "clavicle" from Latin clavicula = "little key". In modern fishes, the cleithrum is a large bone that extends upwards from the base of the pectoral fin and anchors to the cranium above the gills, forming the posterior edge of the . The bone has scientific use as a means to determine the age of fishes.
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| - Cleithrum (de)
- Cleithrum (en)
- Cleithrum (fr)
- Cleitro (pt)
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| - Das Cleithrum (altgr. κλειθρον kleithrom ‚Schloss, Riegel‘) ist ein paariger Deckknochen im Schultergürtel nicht amniotischer und primitiver amniotischer Wirbeltiere. Ein Cleithrum besitzen alle Knochenfische, es fehlt dagegen den Knorpelfischen. Bei urtümlichen Knochenfischen wie den Störartigen, den Knochenhechten und dem Kahlhecht liegt es auf der Scapula, außen am Körper. Als einzige rezente Landwirbeltiere besitzen die Frösche noch einen Cleithrumrest, der am Vorderrand der knorpeligen Suprascapula liegt. Alle rezente Amnioten (Reptilien, Vögel, Säugetiere) sind ohne Cleithrum. (de)
- Le cleithrum est un os qui apparait pour la première fois dans le squelette des poissons osseux primitifs, où il était placé verticalement par rapport à la scapula. Son nom vient du grec κλειθρον = « clé », par analogie avec la « clavicule » qui vient du latin clavicula = « petite clé ». (fr)
- The cleithrum (plural cleithra) is a membrane bone which first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it runs vertically along the scapula. Its name is derived from Greek κλειθρον = "key (lock)", by analogy with "clavicle" from Latin clavicula = "little key". In modern fishes, the cleithrum is a large bone that extends upwards from the base of the pectoral fin and anchors to the cranium above the gills, forming the posterior edge of the . The bone has scientific use as a means to determine the age of fishes. (en)
- O cleitro é um osso membranoso que apareceu como parte do esqueleto em peixes ósseos primitivos, nos quais ele corre verticalmente ao longo da escápula.Seu nome deriva do grego κλειθρον = "chave (tranca)", por analogia com a "clavícula" , do latim clavicula = " pequena chave". Em peixes modernos, o cleitro é um osso grande que se estende da base da nadadeira peitoral e ancora-se no crânio acima das brânquias, formando a borda posterior da câmara branquial. Esse osso tem utilidade para a pesquisa científica, pois pode ser usado para determinar a idade de peixes. (pt)
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| - The cleithrum (plural cleithra) is a membrane bone which first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it runs vertically along the scapula. Its name is derived from Greek κλειθρον = "key (lock)", by analogy with "clavicle" from Latin clavicula = "little key". In modern fishes, the cleithrum is a large bone that extends upwards from the base of the pectoral fin and anchors to the cranium above the gills, forming the posterior edge of the . The bone has scientific use as a means to determine the age of fishes. The lobe-finned fishes share this arrangement. In the earliest amphibians however, the cleithrum/clavicle complex came free of the skull roof, allowing for a movable neck. The cleithrum disappeared early in the evolution of reptiles, and in amniotes is very small or absent. It has been argued based on position, muscle connectivity, and developmental origin that the nuchal element of the turtle carapace is formed from fused cleithra. (en)
- Das Cleithrum (altgr. κλειθρον kleithrom ‚Schloss, Riegel‘) ist ein paariger Deckknochen im Schultergürtel nicht amniotischer und primitiver amniotischer Wirbeltiere. Ein Cleithrum besitzen alle Knochenfische, es fehlt dagegen den Knorpelfischen. Bei urtümlichen Knochenfischen wie den Störartigen, den Knochenhechten und dem Kahlhecht liegt es auf der Scapula, außen am Körper. Als einzige rezente Landwirbeltiere besitzen die Frösche noch einen Cleithrumrest, der am Vorderrand der knorpeligen Suprascapula liegt. Alle rezente Amnioten (Reptilien, Vögel, Säugetiere) sind ohne Cleithrum. (de)
- Le cleithrum est un os qui apparait pour la première fois dans le squelette des poissons osseux primitifs, où il était placé verticalement par rapport à la scapula. Son nom vient du grec κλειθρον = « clé », par analogie avec la « clavicule » qui vient du latin clavicula = « petite clé ». (fr)
- O cleitro é um osso membranoso que apareceu como parte do esqueleto em peixes ósseos primitivos, nos quais ele corre verticalmente ao longo da escápula.Seu nome deriva do grego κλειθρον = "chave (tranca)", por analogia com a "clavícula" , do latim clavicula = " pequena chave". Em peixes modernos, o cleitro é um osso grande que se estende da base da nadadeira peitoral e ancora-se no crânio acima das brânquias, formando a borda posterior da câmara branquial. Esse osso tem utilidade para a pesquisa científica, pois pode ser usado para determinar a idade de peixes. Os peixes de nadadeiras lobadas também compartilham esse arranjo,. Nos anfíbios primitivos, contudo, o complexo cleitro/clavícula desprendeu-se do dermatocrânio, permitindo o movimento do pescoço. O cleitro desapareceu cedo na evolução dos répteis e é bem pequeno em amniotas, de modo que pode ser considerado um órgão vestigial. (pt)
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