About: Confederate railroads in the American Civil War

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The American Civil War was the first in which large armies depended heavily on railroads to bring supplies. For the Confederate States Army, the system was fragile and was designed for short hauls of cotton to the nearest river or ocean port. During the war, new parts were hard to obtain, and the system deteriorated from overuse, lack of maintenance, and systematic destruction by Union raiders.

Attributes	Values
rdfs:label	Confederate railroads in the American Civil War (en) Chemins de fer confédérés dans la guerre de Sécession (fr)
rdfs:comment	The American Civil War was the first in which large armies depended heavily on railroads to bring supplies. For the Confederate States Army, the system was fragile and was designed for short hauls of cotton to the nearest river or ocean port. During the war, new parts were hard to obtain, and the system deteriorated from overuse, lack of maintenance, and systematic destruction by Union raiders. (en) Premier conflit total de l'ère moderne, la guerre de Sécession met en exergue le rôle déterminant que les chemins de fer joueront dans les conflits à venir, en particulier dans le domaine de la logistique et du transport de troupes. Mais si le réseau particulièrement bien développé du Nord et une gestion rigoureuse et sans compromis de ses moyens ferroviaires eurent un effet déterminant sur la victoire de l'Union, les faiblesses du réseau confédéré ante bellum - dues principalement au faible niveau de développement industriel des États sécessionnistes -, et une gestion anarchique et tâtonnante, marquée par l'improvisation voire la corruption, de l'arme ferroviaire par les autorités civiles et militaires de la Confédération contribuent pour une bonne part à la défaite du Sud, même si les de (fr)
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	History of rail transportation in the United States Economic history of the American Civil War Economic history of the Confederate States of America
Wikipage page ID	2089155 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1080889822 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	History of rail transportation in the United States Break of gauge Economic history of the American Civil War Atlanta Campaign Richmond, Virginia Bull Run (Occoquan River) Union blockade United States Military Railroad Internal improvements List of railroads of the Confederate States of America Confederate States Army Railroad guards in the American Civil War Mississippi Central Railroad Montgomery, Alabama Economic history of the Confederate States of America Confederate Quartermaster-General's Department Confederate war finance Broad gauge Anaconda plan Commandeering Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Centreville, Virginia American Civil War Danville, Virginia Centreville Military Railroad Georgia Railroad King Cotton Greensboro, North Carolina James Seddon History of rail transport in the United States Chattanooga Campaign Economy of the Confederate States of America Scorched-earth Occoquan River Orange and Alexandria Railroad Sherman's March to the Sea Vicksburg Campaign Impressment Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad At par Confederate Congress Confederate Constitution Negative railroad
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://mtw160-198.ippl.jhu.edu/journals/civil_war_history/v035/35.1.lash.pdf http://usacac.leavenworth.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/gabel6.pdf%7Carchive-url=https:/web.archive.org/web/20140429184451/http:/usacac.leavenworth.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/gabel6.pdf%7Carchive-date=April http://muse.jhu.edu/login%3Fauth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/civil_war_history/v007/7.3.black.pdf https://www.amazon.com/The-Railroads-Confederacy-Robert-Black/dp/0807847291/ https://www.jstor.org/stable/1836241 https://www.jstor.org/stable/1841233 https://www.jstor.org/stable/1895670 https://www.jstor.org/stable/1983568 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2197689 https://www.jstor.org/stable/23515299 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2955012 https://www.jstor.org/stable/30147553 https://www.jstor.org/stable/40576203 https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231313 https://www.jstor.org/stable/42621636 https://www.jstor.org/stable/42628061 https://www.jstor.org/stable/40038057 http://www.csa-railroads.com/
sameAs	Confederate railroads in the American Civil War Confederate railroads in the American Civil War Confederate railroads in the American Civil War Confederate railroads in the American Civil War
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thumbnail	wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Railroad_of_Confederacy-1861.jpg?width=300
align	left (en)
quote	In April 1863, the presidents of the southern railroads again convened in Richmond and again addressed Secretary Seddon on the condition of the rails and appealed to Congress for remedial legislation...No record is available which shows that these recommendations were acted upon by the confederate government. (en)
width	27.0 (perCent)
has abstract	The American Civil War was the first in which large armies depended heavily on railroads to bring supplies. For the Confederate States Army, the system was fragile and was designed for short hauls of cotton to the nearest river or ocean port. During the war, new parts were hard to obtain, and the system deteriorated from overuse, lack of maintenance, and systematic destruction by Union raiders. The outbreak of war had a depressing effect on the economic fortunes of the Confederate railroad industry. With the cotton crop being hoarded under the "King Cotton" theory, railroads lost their main source of income. Many were forced to lay off employees, and in particular, let go skilled technicians and engineers. Due to a general opinion that the war would not last long, initially Confederate rail operators did not seek, nor build, alternative sources of iron for rail construction and repair. Although railroad contracts to port towns had ceased, due to the combined effects of the cotton export policy and the Union naval blockade, lucrative government contracts were doled out to rail operators with lines supplying men and arms to the front line of Tennessee and Virginia. A consortium of rail operators had decided upon a universal rate for government contracts; "a uniform rate of two cents a mile for men and half the regular local rate for munitions, provisions, and material, and also agreed to accept Confederate bonds at par in payment of government transportation." In addition, the Confederacy suffered from two key deficiencies in its rail network. First was the route structure: it was built to serve the coastal shipping industry, and most rail lines connected ports and river terminals to points inland. This lack of inter-railway connections made many railroads useless once the Union blockade was in place. Second was break of gauge; much of the Confederate rail network was in the 5 ft (1,524 mm) broad gauge format, but much of North Carolina and Virginia had 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge lines. Sometimes, as with Montgomery, Alabama, a city was served by two railroads with different gauge and different depots, meaning that through cargo had to be unloaded from one railroad and moved by animal-powered transportation to the other company's station, where it would be re-loaded. Southern railroads west of the Mississippi were isolated, disconnected, and differed widely in gauge. Several of the Northern railroads, in contrast, were complex networks in themselves, and many cities were served by more than one. The fact that most used the same gauge made transfer even easier. (en) Premier conflit total de l'ère moderne, la guerre de Sécession met en exergue le rôle déterminant que les chemins de fer joueront dans les conflits à venir, en particulier dans le domaine de la logistique et du transport de troupes. Mais si le réseau particulièrement bien développé du Nord et une gestion rigoureuse et sans compromis de ses moyens ferroviaires eurent un effet déterminant sur la victoire de l'Union, les faiblesses du réseau confédéré ante bellum - dues principalement au faible niveau de développement industriel des États sécessionnistes -, et une gestion anarchique et tâtonnante, marquée par l'improvisation voire la corruption, de l'arme ferroviaire par les autorités civiles et militaires de la Confédération contribuent pour une bonne part à la défaite du Sud, même si les deux camps comprennent d'emblée l'importance de cette nouvelle technique dans la guerre moderne. (fr)
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Confederate_railroads_in_the_American_Civil_War?oldid=1080889822&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	14953 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Confederate_railroads_in_the_American_Civil_War
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	Cahaba, Marion and Greensboro Railroad

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