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| - The Constitution of 1782 was a group of Acts passed by the Parliament of Ireland and the Parliament of Great Britain in 1782–83 which increased the legislative and judicial independence of the Kingdom of Ireland by reducing the ability of the Kingdom of Great Britain to make laws and hear court cases relating to Ireland. These changes were promoted, under the name legislative independence, by the Irish Patriot Party, a loose alliance with Henry Grattan as its leading orator. The Parliament of Ireland as it existed after 1782 is often called Grattan's Parliament in his honour. The Constitution did not create a responsible executive, as the Dublin Castle administration remained under the control of a Lord Lieutenant sent over by the British government. (en)
- La Constitution de 1782 est le nom donné à une série de changements législatifs qui permirent au Parlement d'Irlande, composé de la Chambre des communes irlandaise et de la Chambre des lords irlandaise, de se libérer des restrictions juridiques qui avaient été imposées par les gouvernements successifs normand, anglais et britannique sur l'étendue de ses compétences. Ces restrictions permettaient au lord lieutenant d'Irlande de contrôler l'ordre du jour parlementaire et de restreindre sa capacité de légiférer plutôt que de promouvoir les objectifs de la monarchie. (fr)
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| - The Constitution of 1782 was a group of Acts passed by the Parliament of Ireland and the Parliament of Great Britain in 1782–83 which increased the legislative and judicial independence of the Kingdom of Ireland by reducing the ability of the Kingdom of Great Britain to make laws and hear court cases relating to Ireland. These changes were promoted, under the name legislative independence, by the Irish Patriot Party, a loose alliance with Henry Grattan as its leading orator. The Parliament of Ireland as it existed after 1782 is often called Grattan's Parliament in his honour. The Constitution did not create a responsible executive, as the Dublin Castle administration remained under the control of a Lord Lieutenant sent over by the British government. Under the terms of Poynings' Law of 1495, no law could be passed that was not first approved by the Parliament of England: "An Act that no Parliament be holden in this Land until the Acts be certified into England". The parliament was established by and subordinate to the Crown of England. Along with other restrictions, it meant in effect, that the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland had control over the parliamentary agenda and authority to restrict its ability to legislate contrary to the objectives of the British government in London. From 1782, Grattan — the leader of the Patriot Party — led a series of legal changes which produced a period of novel legislative freedom. The main act was the Repeal of Act for Securing Dependence of Ireland Act 1782. This act repealed the Declaratory Act of 1719. The 1719 Act had declared that the Parliament of Ireland was dependent on the Parliament of Great Britain and the Privy Council of Great Britain. The British Rockingham Ministry had conceded the act in fear of an American-style revolt. This concession was followed by the Irish Appeals Act 1783, commonly known as the Renunciation Act. By the terms of this act, the Parliament of Great Britain renounced all right to legislate for Ireland, and declared that no appeal from the decision of any court in Ireland could be heard in any court in Great Britain. Grattan's Parliament also achieved greater control over the Royal Irish Army. The new constitutional arrangements proved short-lived in consequence of the 1798 uprising by the United Irishmen. By the Acts of Union the Parliament of Ireland was abolished. The Kingdom of Ireland was absorbed into the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with effect from 1 January 1801. (en)
- La Constitution de 1782 est le nom donné à une série de changements législatifs qui permirent au Parlement d'Irlande, composé de la Chambre des communes irlandaise et de la Chambre des lords irlandaise, de se libérer des restrictions juridiques qui avaient été imposées par les gouvernements successifs normand, anglais et britannique sur l'étendue de ses compétences. Ces restrictions permettaient au lord lieutenant d'Irlande de contrôler l'ordre du jour parlementaire et de restreindre sa capacité de légiférer plutôt que de promouvoir les objectifs de la monarchie. Les restrictions les plus punitives furent les de 1494. Ces restrictions furent levées en 1782, entrainant une nouvelle période de liberté législative. Cette période est connue sous le nom de Parlement de Grattan d'après Henry Grattan, un des principaux militants de la réforme à la Chambre des communes. Mais, en 1800, en vertu de l’Act of Union, le Parlement irlandais fusionna avec le Parlement de Grande-Bretagne pour former le Parlement du Royaume-Uni mettant fin à la période de liberté législative. Cette situation dura jusqu'en 1922, après quoi la plus grande partie de l'Irlande eut son propre parlement souverain, le Dáil Éireann. L'Irlande du Nord, cependant, continua d'être représentée au Parlement du Royaume-Uni, même si on lui a accordé un Parlement d'Irlande du Nord subordonné à celui de Londres. L'ancien hôtel du Parlement irlandais est situé à College Green à Dublin. Ce fut le premier bâtiment construit pour accueillir un parlement bicaméral, préfigurant le Palais de Westminster à Londres et le Capitole à Washington datant du XIXe siècle. Aujourd'hui, le bâtiment sert de siège à la Bank of Ireland, College Green. Alors que la partie de la Chambre des communes irlandaise a été détruite après l’Act of Union, l'enceinte de la Chambre des lords irlandaise existe encore dans sa conception d'origine géorgienne. (fr)
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