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During seismic exploration, P-waves (also known as primary or compressive waves) penetrate down into the earth. When a P-wave hits an interface (e.g., solid-liquid), it can reflect upwards as an S-wave (also known as a secondary, shear or transverse wave). Other P-wave to S-wave (P-S) conversions can occur, but the down-up conversion is the primary focus. Unlike P-waves, converted shear waves are largely unaffected by fluids. By analyzing the original and converted waves, seismologists obtain additional subsurface information, especially due to (1) differential velocity (VP/VS), (2) asymmetry in the waves' angles of incidence and reflection and (3) amplitude variations.

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  • Converted-wave analysis (en)
  • 轉換波分析 (zh)
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  • 在地震學與地球物理學中，轉換波分析（英語：Converted-wave Analysis）是指分析地震波波相轉換的科學。當地震波入射到介質界面時，會同時產生反射横波、反射纵波、透射横波、透射纵波等不同的波相，這些波就稱為轉換波，也就是C波（英語：Converted-wave），轉換波分析就是探討此間的過程、分析轉換結果，並應用於地球物理學或地球物理探勘的科學。 當地震發生時，地震波會被向外發射進入地球深處。當地震波的行進遇到介質不連續的地方，例如固液介面或任何岩石密度有顯著改變的地方時，震波造成的質點的振動方式就有可能發生改變。在地球中許多不連續特別明顯的地域（例如地函與外地核的邊界），振動方式的改變甚至明顯到讓一部分的縱波變成橫波、讓一部份的橫波變成縱波。 (zh)
  • During seismic exploration, P-waves (also known as primary or compressive waves) penetrate down into the earth. When a P-wave hits an interface (e.g., solid-liquid), it can reflect upwards as an S-wave (also known as a secondary, shear or transverse wave). Other P-wave to S-wave (P-S) conversions can occur, but the down-up conversion is the primary focus. Unlike P-waves, converted shear waves are largely unaffected by fluids. By analyzing the original and converted waves, seismologists obtain additional subsurface information, especially due to (1) differential velocity (VP/VS), (2) asymmetry in the waves' angles of incidence and reflection and (3) amplitude variations. (en)
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  • During seismic exploration, P-waves (also known as primary or compressive waves) penetrate down into the earth. When a P-wave hits an interface (e.g., solid-liquid), it can reflect upwards as an S-wave (also known as a secondary, shear or transverse wave). Other P-wave to S-wave (P-S) conversions can occur, but the down-up conversion is the primary focus. Unlike P-waves, converted shear waves are largely unaffected by fluids. By analyzing the original and converted waves, seismologists obtain additional subsurface information, especially due to (1) differential velocity (VP/VS), (2) asymmetry in the waves' angles of incidence and reflection and (3) amplitude variations. As opposed to analysis of P-wave to P-wave (P-P) reflection, c-wave (P-S) analysis is more complex. C-wave analysis requires at least three times as many measurement channels per station. Variations in reflection depths can cause significant analytic problems. Gathering, mapping, and binning c-wave data is also more difficult than P-P data. However, c-wave analysis can provide additional information needed to create a three-dimensional depth image of rock type, structure, and saturant. For example, changes in VS with respect to VP suggest changing lithology and pore geometry. (en)
  • 在地震學與地球物理學中，轉換波分析（英語：Converted-wave Analysis）是指分析地震波波相轉換的科學。當地震波入射到介質界面時，會同時產生反射横波、反射纵波、透射横波、透射纵波等不同的波相，這些波就稱為轉換波，也就是C波（英語：Converted-wave），轉換波分析就是探討此間的過程、分析轉換結果，並應用於地球物理學或地球物理探勘的科學。 當地震發生時，地震波會被向外發射進入地球深處。當地震波的行進遇到介質不連續的地方，例如固液介面或任何岩石密度有顯著改變的地方時，震波造成的質點的振動方式就有可能發生改變。在地球中許多不連續特別明顯的地域（例如地函與外地核的邊界），振動方式的改變甚至明顯到讓一部分的縱波變成橫波、讓一部份的橫波變成縱波。 (zh)
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