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Since the 1870s, various pieces of colonial legislation in India during British rule were collectively called the Criminal Tribes Act (CTA), which criminalized entire communities by designating them as habitual criminals. Under these acts, ethnic or social communities in India were defined as "addicted to the systematic commission of non-bailable offences" such as thefts, and were registered by the government. Adult males of the groups were forced to report weekly to local police, and had restrictions on their movement imposed.

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  • Criminal Tribes Act (en)
  • Criminal Tribes Act (de)
  • Criminal Tribes Act (fr)
  • Преступные касты (ru)
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  • Since the 1870s, various pieces of colonial legislation in India during British rule were collectively called the Criminal Tribes Act (CTA), which criminalized entire communities by designating them as habitual criminals. Under these acts, ethnic or social communities in India were defined as "addicted to the systematic commission of non-bailable offences" such as thefts, and were registered by the government. Adult males of the groups were forced to report weekly to local police, and had restrictions on their movement imposed. (en)
  • Mit dem Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) oder Erlass über gemeingefährliche Stämme wird eine Gesetzesgebung in Britisch-Indien bezeichnet, die sich über mehrere Jahrzehnte entwickelt hatte. Sie nahm 1871 ihren Anfang und fand zuerst in nordindischen Fürstenstaaten Anwendung. Mit dem CTA wurden alle nomadisch lebenden Völker im jeweiligen Geltungsbereich für kriminell erklärt. Es erhielt nach und nach Zusätze, die 1924 zu einem einzigen Gesetz integriert wurden, und wurde für immer mehr Regionen verpflichtend. Nach der Unabhängigkeit Indiens wurde der CTA aufgehoben. (de)
  • Criminal Tribes Act (CTA), littéralement Loi sur les tribus criminelles, est un ensemble de lois coloniales qui s'appliquaient en Inde, promulguées pendant la domination britannique dès les années 1870, et qui criminalisaient des communautés entières en désignant leurs membres comme des criminels de naissance, supposés avoir une propension à commettre des infractions telles que le vol. Ces lois donnaient à l'autorité coloniale la possibilité d'assujettir des populations à un contrôle policier étroit, de restreindre leurs déplacements, de les assigner dans des colonies de redressement (settlements), sans qu'il y ait eu procès. (fr)
  • Преступные касты или «преступные племена» (англ. Criminal tribes) — общины Индии, определённые британскими колонизаторами как «преступные». Этот термин может характеризовать как касту, так и народность или религиозную секту. В частности, к числу «преступных» были отнесены народность белуджей (англ. Baloch) и религиозная секта тугов. На момент получения Индией независимости в 1947 году насчитывалось 127 таких сообществ общей численностью 13 млн чел. Все они находились под постоянным наблюдением, и их члены арестовывались без ордера в случае оставления предписанного им района проживания. (ru)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A_Pamphlet_on_Gobinda_Doms_Gang,_under_the_Criminal_Tribes_Act_(VI_of_1924),_dated_1942.jpg
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