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In scientific inquiry and academic research, data fabrication is the intentional misrepresentation of research results. As with other forms of scientific misconduct, it is the intent to deceive that marks fabrication as unethical, and thus different from scientists deceiving themselves. There are many ways data can be fabricated. Experimental data can be fabricated by reporting experiments that were never conducted, and accurate data can be manipulated or misrepresented to suit a desired outcome. One of the biggest problems with this form of scientific fraud is that "university investigations into research misconduct are often inadequate, opaque and poorly conducted. They challenge the idea that institutions can police themselves on research integrity."

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  • Data fabrication (en)
  • 捏造 (科学) (ja)
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  • 科学的探求および学術研究における捏造（ねつぞう、でつぞう、英: Fabrication）は、存在しないデータや研究結果等を意図的に作成し、研究成果や学業成果として学術出版、論文、書籍、申請書、レポート（調査や研究等の報告書、学校で課題として提出する小論文）などで発表・申請・提出、あるいは口頭で発表する行為。研究不正の一種。 (ja)
  • In scientific inquiry and academic research, data fabrication is the intentional misrepresentation of research results. As with other forms of scientific misconduct, it is the intent to deceive that marks fabrication as unethical, and thus different from scientists deceiving themselves. There are many ways data can be fabricated. Experimental data can be fabricated by reporting experiments that were never conducted, and accurate data can be manipulated or misrepresented to suit a desired outcome. One of the biggest problems with this form of scientific fraud is that "university investigations into research misconduct are often inadequate, opaque and poorly conducted. They challenge the idea that institutions can police themselves on research integrity." (en)
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  • In scientific inquiry and academic research, data fabrication is the intentional misrepresentation of research results. As with other forms of scientific misconduct, it is the intent to deceive that marks fabrication as unethical, and thus different from scientists deceiving themselves. There are many ways data can be fabricated. Experimental data can be fabricated by reporting experiments that were never conducted, and accurate data can be manipulated or misrepresented to suit a desired outcome. One of the biggest problems with this form of scientific fraud is that "university investigations into research misconduct are often inadequate, opaque and poorly conducted. They challenge the idea that institutions can police themselves on research integrity." Sometimes intentional fabrication can be difficult to distinguish from unintentional academic incompetence or malpractice. Examples of this include the failure to account for measurement error, or the failure to adequately control experiments for any parameters being measured. Fabrication can also occur in the context of undergraduate or graduate studies wherein a student fabricates a laboratory or homework assignment. Such cheating, when discovered, is usually handled within the institution, and does not become a scandal within the larger academic community (as cheating by students seldom has any academic significance). (en)
  • 科学的探求および学術研究における捏造（ねつぞう、でつぞう、英: Fabrication）は、存在しないデータや研究結果等を意図的に作成し、研究成果や学業成果として学術出版、論文、書籍、申請書、レポート（調査や研究等の報告書、学校で課題として提出する小論文）などで発表・申請・提出、あるいは口頭で発表する行為。研究不正の一種。 (ja)
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