A dialect card (Japanese: 方言札, Hepburn: hōgen fuda) was a system of punishment used in Japanese regional schools in the post-Meiji period to promote standard speech. During the Edo period under the Tokugawa shogunate most Japanese people could not travel outside of their home domain. As a result, regional Japanese dialects were relatively isolated and became increasingly distinct. After the Meiji Restoration the government, in emulation of the European nation states, sought to create a standard Japanese speech. A Tokyo dialect, specifically that of the upper-class Yamanote area, became the model for Standard Japanese, widely used in schools, publishing, and radio broadcasting. By the early twentieth century, the Ministry of Education and other authorities instituted various policies to red
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| - بطاقة اللغة المحلية (ar)
- Dialect card (en)
- 방언찰 (ko)
- 方言札 (ja)
- 方言札 (zh)
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| - بطاقة اللغة المحلية (方言札 هوغين فودا) كانت نظامًا عقابيًّا يستخدم في المدارس اليابانية، ضد الأطفال الذين يرتكبون خطأ التحدث بلغة الأوكيناوا. وكان يستخدم طلاب أوكيناوا هذه البطاقة بشكل تطوعي في بداية القرن العشرين، إلا أنها أصبحت إلزامية مع تزايد سياسات الاستيعاب بعد عام 1917.وكان الطالب الذي يتحدث بلغة الأوكيناوا مجبرًا على ارتداء البطاقة، إلى أن يرتكب طالب آخر خطأ التحدث بلغة الأوكيناوا، حيث تُمَرَّر إلى ذلك الشخص المخطئ الجديد، ويخضع الطالب الذي يرتديها في نهاية اليوم المدرسي للعقاب من قبل المعلمين. (ar)
- 방언찰(일본어: 方言札 호겐후다[*]; 방언패)는 일본 제국에서 실시한 것으로, 방언을 추방하고 표준어를 보급하려고 일본어를 사용하지 않는 사용자에게 걸던 꼬리표이다. (ko)
- 方言札（ほうげんふだ）あるいは方言罰札とは、標準語を普及させる手段として、主に学校において、非標準語（地方言語・方言）の使用者に掛けさせた札のこと。 (ja)
- 方言札是廢除方言、強制推行標準語的一種手段，即在方言使用者的脖子上掛上牌子以示羞辱。 (zh)
- A dialect card (Japanese: 方言札, Hepburn: hōgen fuda) was a system of punishment used in Japanese regional schools in the post-Meiji period to promote standard speech. During the Edo period under the Tokugawa shogunate most Japanese people could not travel outside of their home domain. As a result, regional Japanese dialects were relatively isolated and became increasingly distinct. After the Meiji Restoration the government, in emulation of the European nation states, sought to create a standard Japanese speech. A Tokyo dialect, specifically that of the upper-class Yamanote area, became the model for Standard Japanese, widely used in schools, publishing, and radio broadcasting. By the early twentieth century, the Ministry of Education and other authorities instituted various policies to red (en)
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| - بطاقة اللغة المحلية (方言札 هوغين فودا) كانت نظامًا عقابيًّا يستخدم في المدارس اليابانية، ضد الأطفال الذين يرتكبون خطأ التحدث بلغة الأوكيناوا. وكان يستخدم طلاب أوكيناوا هذه البطاقة بشكل تطوعي في بداية القرن العشرين، إلا أنها أصبحت إلزامية مع تزايد سياسات الاستيعاب بعد عام 1917.وكان الطالب الذي يتحدث بلغة الأوكيناوا مجبرًا على ارتداء البطاقة، إلى أن يرتكب طالب آخر خطأ التحدث بلغة الأوكيناوا، حيث تُمَرَّر إلى ذلك الشخص المخطئ الجديد، ويخضع الطالب الذي يرتديها في نهاية اليوم المدرسي للعقاب من قبل المعلمين. (ar)
- A dialect card (Japanese: 方言札, Hepburn: hōgen fuda) was a system of punishment used in Japanese regional schools in the post-Meiji period to promote standard speech. During the Edo period under the Tokugawa shogunate most Japanese people could not travel outside of their home domain. As a result, regional Japanese dialects were relatively isolated and became increasingly distinct. After the Meiji Restoration the government, in emulation of the European nation states, sought to create a standard Japanese speech. A Tokyo dialect, specifically that of the upper-class Yamanote area, became the model for Standard Japanese, widely used in schools, publishing, and radio broadcasting. By the early twentieth century, the Ministry of Education and other authorities instituted various policies to reduce or suppress regional differences. The use of Hogen fuda was most prominent in the Tōhoku, Kyushu and Ryukyu Islands (including Okinawa) as they are geographically and linguistically most distant from the Tokyo dialect. The issue is most prominent in regard to Ryukyuan languages as there are groups, such as the Kariyushi Club, which advocate the languages to be officially recognised by the Japanese government as a language (and Ryukyu as a nation). In Okinawa, the card was initially voluntarily adopted by Okinawan students at the start of the 20th century, but became mandatory as assimilation policies increased following 1917. A student who spoke Okinawan would be forced to wear the card, until another student also spoke in Okinawan, and then it would pass to the new transgressor, with the student wearing it at the end of the school day punished by the teachers. (en)
- 방언찰(일본어: 方言札 호겐후다[*]; 방언패)는 일본 제국에서 실시한 것으로, 방언을 추방하고 표준어를 보급하려고 일본어를 사용하지 않는 사용자에게 걸던 꼬리표이다. (ko)
- 方言札（ほうげんふだ）あるいは方言罰札とは、標準語を普及させる手段として、主に学校において、非標準語（地方言語・方言）の使用者に掛けさせた札のこと。 (ja)
- 方言札是廢除方言、強制推行標準語的一種手段，即在方言使用者的脖子上掛上牌子以示羞辱。 (zh)
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