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Ee ja nai ka (ええじゃないか) was a complex of carnivalesque religious celebrations and communal activities, often understood as social or political protests, which occurred in many parts of Japan from June 1867 to May 1868, at the end of the Edo period and the start of the Meiji Restoration. Particularly intense during the Boshin War and Bakumatsu, the movement originated in the Kansai region, near Kyoto. A British translator, Ernest Mason Satow, recalled that he had seen:

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  • Ee ja nai ka (es)
  • Ee ja nai ka (en)
  • Ee ja nai ka (it)
  • ええじゃないか (ja)
  • 좋지 아니한가 (일본의 역사) (ko)
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  • ええじゃないかは、日本の江戸時代末期の慶応3年(1867年)8月から12月にかけて、近畿、四国、東海地方などで発生した騒動。「天から御札(神符)が降ってくる、これは慶事の前触れだ」という話が広まるとともに、民衆が仮装するなどして囃子言葉の「ええじゃないか」等を連呼しながら集団で町々を巡って熱狂的に踊った。 伊勢神宮の御札が降るおかげ参りと違い、ええじゃないかの御札は地域で信仰されている社寺の御札が降ったため、現地で祭祀が行われる事が多かった。降札があると、藩に届け出た上で屏風を置く、笹竹で家を飾る、酒や肴を供えるなどして町全体で札を祀った。名古屋の場合、降札後の祭事は7日間に及び、その間は日常生活が麻痺した。 (ja)
  • ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 좋지 아니한가 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 좋지 아니한가(일본어: ええじゃないか, 에에쟈나이카)는 일본의 에도시대 말기인 1867년(게이오 3년) 8월에서 12월 사이에 긴키, 시코쿠를 비롯한 일본 동해 지방에서 발생한 소동이다. 선창자가 "하늘에서 부적이 내려오니 이것은 경사가 일어날 징조로구나"하고 외치면 여러 모습으로 가장을 하고 뒤따르는 군중들이 장단을 맞추어 "좋지 아니한가" 같은 후렴구를 외치며 골목 골목을 돌아다녀 열광적인 모습을 보였다. 이세 신궁의 부적이 많이 뿌려졌지만, 여러 지방으로 전파되면서 각 지방의 신사가 만든 부적들이 뿌려졌다. 현지에서 마츠리가 열리는 때를 맞춰 행렬을 이루는 경우가 많았다. 부적을 만들고 번에 신고한 곳에 병풍을 치고는 조릿대로 집을 꾸미고 술과 안주를 공양하고 마을 전체가 축제를 즐겼다. 나고야의 경우 부적을 뿌린 뒤에 7일간 제(祭)를 이어갔는데 이 기간에는 일상 생활이 마비될 정도였다. (ko)
  • Ee ja nai ka (ええじゃないか) was a complex of carnivalesque religious celebrations and communal activities, often understood as social or political protests, which occurred in many parts of Japan from June 1867 to May 1868, at the end of the Edo period and the start of the Meiji Restoration. Particularly intense during the Boshin War and Bakumatsu, the movement originated in the Kansai region, near Kyoto. A British translator, Ernest Mason Satow, recalled that he had seen: (en)
  • Ee ja nai ka (ええじゃないか ''Ee ja nai ka''?) fue una serie de celebraciones religiosas carnavalescas y actividades comunales, a menudo entendidas como protestas sociales/políticas, que ocurrieron en muchas partes de Japón desde junio de 1867 hasta mayo de 1868, al final del período Edo y el comienzo de la restauración Meiji. Particularmente intenso durante la guerra Boshin, el movimiento se originó en la región de Kansai, cerca de Kioto.​ (es)
  • Ee ja nai ka (ええじゃないか?) è un'espressione utilizzata dagli storici contemporanei per indicare un vasto complesso di manifestazioni popolaresche, interpretate per via generale come movimenti di protesta socio-politica in relazione agli sconvolgimenti dovuti al cosiddetto bakumatsu, scoppiate spontaneamente ed in maniera del tutto estemporanea in Giappone, nelle regioni del Kansai, dello Shikoku e del Tōkai, tra l'ottavo e dodicesimo mese del terzo anno dell’epoca Keiō (1867), sul volgere della fine del periodo Edo (1603-1868). (it)
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  • Ee ja nai ka (ええじゃないか ''Ee ja nai ka''?) fue una serie de celebraciones religiosas carnavalescas y actividades comunales, a menudo entendidas como protestas sociales/políticas, que ocurrieron en muchas partes de Japón desde junio de 1867 hasta mayo de 1868, al final del período Edo y el comienzo de la restauración Meiji. Particularmente intenso durante la guerra Boshin, el movimiento se originó en la región de Kansai, cerca de Kioto.​ En el oeste de Japón, ee ja nai ka apareció al principio en forma de festivales de baile, a menudo relacionados con obras públicas, magia de lluvia o bailes para los muertos. Cuando se decía que los amuletos sagrados habían caído del cielo, se agregaron las celebraciones de acción de gracias por estos amuletos que podrían durar varios días y eliminar de manera efectiva a comunidades rurales y urbanas de la vida cotidiana. Se intercambiaron obsequios, los grupos juveniles organizaron bailes masivos que incluyeron disfraces, disfraces elaborados o no usar ropa. Para expresar su gratitud hacia los kami o budas que les habían dado los amuletos, muchas personas fueron en peregrinación a santuarios locales o regionales. El término ee ja nai ka era un estribillo en las canciones populares interpretadas durante estas actividades y, por lo tanto, más tarde fue elegido como su título. El significado de la frase es desafiante y fatalista, y se traduce como "¿A quién le importa?", "¿Por qué no?" O "¿Qué demonios?", en la línea de "¿A quién le importa si nos quitamos la ropa?", "¿A quién le importa si tenemos sexo?".​ La gran diversidad y rivalidad de la práctica religiosa en el Japón premoderno ayudó a configurar la gama de eventos. Se ha sugerido que los activistas religiosos, como los sacerdotes y los predicadores itinerantes, desempeñaron un papel importante en la fabricación de las "lluvias de amuletos", e incluso algunos sospechosos fueron atrapados en acción por agentes de alerta. Los jóvenes interesados en celebrar fiestas o convertirse en líderes espirituales también fueron sospechosos y, en algunos casos, condenados. Ee ja nai ka no estaba vinculado a ninguna plataforma política específica, aunque a menudo se entiende "como una forma de protesta política cuando otras formas [fueron] bloqueadas",​ en reacción al desmoronamiento del shogunato Tokugawa. La decepción con respecto a la falta de liderazgo político gobernante, el asco hacia los extranjeros occidentales y cristianos, y otros signos de crítica social/política se mostraron con frecuencia. No hay evidencia de una configuración política coordinada o puesta en escena de ee ja nai ka, aunque también se rumoreaba. El movimiento se extendió por todo Japón, finalmente descendió a la violencia de la mafia antes de llegar a su fin. El final de ee ja nai ka fue concurrente con el comienzo de la restauración Meiji y la modernización de Japón al estilo occidental. En 1981, el director japonés Shohei Imamura produjo su película , que da una interpretación deliberadamente históricamente incorrecta de los acontecimientos, pero sin embargo capta la atmósfera inestable y tensa de la época. Imamura había ayudado previamente a escribir la película de de 1957 sobre el período El sol en los últimos días del Shogunato (幕末太陽傳, Bakumatsu taiyōden). Esta era también fue representada en la película Toshirō Mifune de 1969 dirigida por Red Lion (赤毛, Akage). Las actividades de ee ja nai ka, hasta ahora desconocidas como parte de la historia japonesa durante el Bakumatsu, se han incluido y aludido en los últimos años en producciones históricas convencionales, como los dramas de NHK Taiga Ryōmaden y Yae no Sakura. (es)
  • Ee ja nai ka (ええじゃないか) was a complex of carnivalesque religious celebrations and communal activities, often understood as social or political protests, which occurred in many parts of Japan from June 1867 to May 1868, at the end of the Edo period and the start of the Meiji Restoration. Particularly intense during the Boshin War and Bakumatsu, the movement originated in the Kansai region, near Kyoto. In West Japan, ee ja nai ka appeared at first in the form of dancing festivals, often related to public works, rain magic, or dances for the dead. When sacred amulets were said to have fallen from heaven, thanksgiving celebrations for these amulets were added that could last for several days and effectively took whole rural and urban communities away from everyday life. Gifts were exchanged, youth groups organized mass dances which included cross-dressing, elaborate costumes, or not wearing clothes at all. To express their gratitude towards the kami or buddhas who had given them the amulets, many people went on pilgrimages to local or regional sanctuaries. The term ee ja nai ka was a refrain in popular songs performed during these activities and was therefore later chosen as their title. The phrase's meaning is both defiant and fatalistic, and it translates as "Who cares?", "Why not?" or "What the hell?", along the lines of "Who cares if we take our clothes off?", "Who cares if we have sex?". The great diversity and rivalry of religious practice in pre-modern Japan helped shape the range of events. It has been suggested that religious activists, such as priests and itinerant preachers, played a major role in fabricating the "amulet showers", and some suspects were even caught in action by alert officers. Youth interested in celebrating parties, or in becoming spiritual leaders, were also suspected and in some cases convicted. Ee ja nai ka was not linked to any specific political platform, though it is often understood "as a form of political protest when other ways [were] blocked", in reaction to the crumbling Tokugawa shogunate. Disappointment regarding the lack of governing political leadership, disgust at Western and Christian foreigners, and other signs of social/political critique were frequently displayed. There is no evidence for any coordinated political setup or staging of ee ja nai ka, although this was also rumoured. The movement spread across Japan, eventually descending to mob violence before coming to an end. The end of ee ja nai ka was concurrent with the beginning of the Meiji Restoration and the Western-style modernization of Japan. A British translator, Ernest Mason Satow, recalled that he had seen: Crowds of people in holiday garb, dancing and singing "ii janai ka, ii janai ka" ...... houses decorated with rice cakes in all colours, oranges, little bags, straw and flowers. The dresses worn were chiefly red crape, a few blue and purple. Many of the dancers carried red lanterns on their heads. In 1981, Japanese director Shohei Imamura produced his film Eijanaika, which gives a deliberately historically incorrect interpretation of the events but nevertheless catches the unstable and tense atmosphere of the age. Imamura had previously helped write the 1957 Yuzo Kawashima film on the period Sun in the Last Days of the Shogunate. This era was also depicted in the 1969 Kihachi Okamoto-directed Toshirō Mifune film Red Lion. The ee ja nai ka activities, hitherto unknown as part of Japanese history during the Bakumatsu, have in recent years been included and alluded to in mainstream historical productions, such as the NHK Taiga dramas Ryōmaden and Yae no Sakura. (en)
  • ええじゃないかは、日本の江戸時代末期の慶応3年(1867年)8月から12月にかけて、近畿、四国、東海地方などで発生した騒動。「天から御札(神符)が降ってくる、これは慶事の前触れだ」という話が広まるとともに、民衆が仮装するなどして囃子言葉の「ええじゃないか」等を連呼しながら集団で町々を巡って熱狂的に踊った。 伊勢神宮の御札が降るおかげ参りと違い、ええじゃないかの御札は地域で信仰されている社寺の御札が降ったため、現地で祭祀が行われる事が多かった。降札があると、藩に届け出た上で屏風を置く、笹竹で家を飾る、酒や肴を供えるなどして町全体で札を祀った。名古屋の場合、降札後の祭事は7日間に及び、その間は日常生活が麻痺した。 (ja)
  • ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 좋지 아니한가 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 좋지 아니한가(일본어: ええじゃないか, 에에쟈나이카)는 일본의 에도시대 말기인 1867년(게이오 3년) 8월에서 12월 사이에 긴키, 시코쿠를 비롯한 일본 동해 지방에서 발생한 소동이다. 선창자가 "하늘에서 부적이 내려오니 이것은 경사가 일어날 징조로구나"하고 외치면 여러 모습으로 가장을 하고 뒤따르는 군중들이 장단을 맞추어 "좋지 아니한가" 같은 후렴구를 외치며 골목 골목을 돌아다녀 열광적인 모습을 보였다. 이세 신궁의 부적이 많이 뿌려졌지만, 여러 지방으로 전파되면서 각 지방의 신사가 만든 부적들이 뿌려졌다. 현지에서 마츠리가 열리는 때를 맞춰 행렬을 이루는 경우가 많았다. 부적을 만들고 번에 신고한 곳에 병풍을 치고는 조릿대로 집을 꾸미고 술과 안주를 공양하고 마을 전체가 축제를 즐겼다. 나고야의 경우 부적을 뿌린 뒤에 7일간 제(祭)를 이어갔는데 이 기간에는 일상 생활이 마비될 정도였다. (ko)
  • Ee ja nai ka (ええじゃないか?) è un'espressione utilizzata dagli storici contemporanei per indicare un vasto complesso di manifestazioni popolaresche, interpretate per via generale come movimenti di protesta socio-politica in relazione agli sconvolgimenti dovuti al cosiddetto bakumatsu, scoppiate spontaneamente ed in maniera del tutto estemporanea in Giappone, nelle regioni del Kansai, dello Shikoku e del Tōkai, tra l'ottavo e dodicesimo mese del terzo anno dell’epoca Keiō (1867), sul volgere della fine del periodo Edo (1603-1868). Si trattavano sostanzialmente d'esplosioni improvvise ed incontrollate d'isterismo di massa caratterizzate dalla singolare iterazione Ee ja nai ka (con cui è stata dunque identiticata dalla storiografia successiva), la cui origine - ricercata in parte nei festival e nelle antiche celebrazioni religiose shintoiste legate atavicamente al territorio - si dovrebbe ad un'improvvisa e mai del tutto chiarita diffusione di ofuda "piovuti" dal cielo nelle campagne ed in alcune città giapponesi. Difatti, in un periodo segnato dalla profonda instabilità politica e precarietà economica (soprattutto per i ceti sociali più bassi), con lo shogunato Tokugawa praticamente sull'orlo del crollo definitivo, la popolazione, venuta a conoscenza di voci riguardanti piogge vere e proprie di ofuda portafortuna per tutto il Paese e interpretandolo di conseguenza come un segno dei Cieli, diede vita a sfrenate e baccanaliche manifestazioni carnevalesche, tra musica, balli e canti osceni ed alquanto sovversivi per l'epoca, in giro per le città e campagne delle regioni sopracitate. (it)
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