In telecommunications, an electronic switching system (ESS) is a telephone switch that uses solid-state electronics, such as digital electronics and computerized common control, to interconnect telephone circuits for the purpose of establishing telephone calls. With the advances of digital electronics starting in the 1960s telephone switches employed semiconductor device components in increasing measure.
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| - Commutateur électronique (fr)
- Electronic switching system (en)
- 전자교환기 (ko)
- 電子交換機 (ja)
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| - En télécommunications, un commutateur électronique (en anglais, electronic switching system ou ESS) est un commutateur téléphonique qui utilise des composantes électroniques et un programme informatique pour interconnecter des circuits téléphoniques afin d’établir des appels téléphoniques.
* Portail des télécommunications
* Portail de l’informatique (fr)
- 전자교환기(電子交換機, electronic switching system, ESS)는 디지털 일렉트로닉스 등 을 사용하는 전화 스위치이며, 전화 통화 확립을 목적으로 전화 회로의 상호 연결을 위해 공통 제어권을 전산화한 것이다. (ko)
- 電子交換機（でんしこうかんき）は、蓄積プログラム方式を制御に用いる電話交換機である。アナログ信号で中継交換するため、アナログ電子交換機とも呼ばれる。 (ja)
- In telecommunications, an electronic switching system (ESS) is a telephone switch that uses solid-state electronics, such as digital electronics and computerized common control, to interconnect telephone circuits for the purpose of establishing telephone calls. With the advances of digital electronics starting in the 1960s telephone switches employed semiconductor device components in increasing measure. (en)
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| - In telecommunications, an electronic switching system (ESS) is a telephone switch that uses solid-state electronics, such as digital electronics and computerized common control, to interconnect telephone circuits for the purpose of establishing telephone calls. The generations of telephone switches before the advent of electronic switching in the 1950s used purely electro-mechanical relay systems and analog voice paths. These early machines typically utilized the step-by-step technique. The first generation of electronic switching systems in the 1960s were not entirely digital in nature, but used reed relay-operated metallic paths or crossbar switches operated by stored program control (SPC) systems. First announced in 1955, the first customer trial installation of an all-electronic central office commenced in Morris, Illinois in November 1960 by Bell Laboratories. The first large-scale electronic switching system was the Number One Electronic Switching System (1ESS) of the Bell System, cut over in Succasunna, New Jersey, in May 1965. The adoption of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) and pulse-code modulation (PCM) technologies in the 1970s led to the transition from analog to digital telephony. Later electronic switching systems implemented the digital representation of the electrical audio signals on subscriber loops by digitizing the analog signals and processing the resulting data for transmission between central offices. Time-division multiplexing (TDM) technology permitted the simultaneous transmission of multiple telephone calls on a single wire connection between central offices or other electronic switches, resulting in dramatic capacity improvements of the telephone network. With the advances of digital electronics starting in the 1960s telephone switches employed semiconductor device components in increasing measure. In the late 20th century most telephone exchanges without TDM processing were eliminated and the term electronic switching system became largely a historical distinction for the older SPC systems. (en)
- En télécommunications, un commutateur électronique (en anglais, electronic switching system ou ESS) est un commutateur téléphonique qui utilise des composantes électroniques et un programme informatique pour interconnecter des circuits téléphoniques afin d’établir des appels téléphoniques.
* Portail des télécommunications
* Portail de l’informatique (fr)
- 전자교환기(電子交換機, electronic switching system, ESS)는 디지털 일렉트로닉스 등 을 사용하는 전화 스위치이며, 전화 통화 확립을 목적으로 전화 회로의 상호 연결을 위해 공통 제어권을 전산화한 것이다. (ko)
- 電子交換機（でんしこうかんき）は、蓄積プログラム方式を制御に用いる電話交換機である。アナログ信号で中継交換するため、アナログ電子交換機とも呼ばれる。 (ja)
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