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Emotion is defined as any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content. The existence and nature of emotions in non-human animals are believed to be correlated with those of humans and to have evolved from the same mechanisms. Charles Darwin was one of the first scientists to write about the subject, and his observational (and sometimes anecdotal) approach has since developed into a more robust, hypothesis-driven, scientific approach. Cognitive bias tests and learned helplessness models have shown feelings of optimism and pessimism in a wide range of species, including rats, dogs, cats, rhesus macaques, sheep, chicks, starlings, pigs, and honeybees. Jaak Panksepp played a large role in the study of animal emotion, basing his research on the neurological aspect. Mentioning

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  • العاطفة عند الحيوانات (ar)
  • Emotion in animals (en)
  • Emosi pada hewan (in)
  • Émotion (zoologie) (fr)
  • Emoção em animais (pt)
  • Эмоции у животных (ru)
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  • ليس هناك إجماع علمي على العواطف لدى الحيوانات وذلك حول ماهية العواطف التي تشعر بها فصائل معينة من الحيوانات بما في ذلك البشر، فمناقشة هذا الأمر تهتم بشكل رئيسي بالثدييات والطيور على الرغم من افتراض وجود الانفعالات عند حيوانات فقارية أخرى وحتى عند بعض الحيوانات اللافقارية. (ar)
  • Emotion is defined as any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content. The existence and nature of emotions in non-human animals are believed to be correlated with those of humans and to have evolved from the same mechanisms. Charles Darwin was one of the first scientists to write about the subject, and his observational (and sometimes anecdotal) approach has since developed into a more robust, hypothesis-driven, scientific approach. Cognitive bias tests and learned helplessness models have shown feelings of optimism and pessimism in a wide range of species, including rats, dogs, cats, rhesus macaques, sheep, chicks, starlings, pigs, and honeybees. Jaak Panksepp played a large role in the study of animal emotion, basing his research on the neurological aspect. Mentioning (en)
  • L'émotion en zoologie désigne les sentiments et émotions subjectifs éprouvés par des animaux non-humains. Les émotions peuvent être décrites comme des états conscients, subjectifs caractérisés premièrement par les expressions psychophysiologiques, les réactions biologiques, et les états mentaux. (fr)
  • Emosi didefinisikan sebagai pengalaman mental apa pun dengan intensitas tinggi dan konten hedonis tinggi. Keberadaan dan sifat emosi pada hewan diyakini berkorelasi dengan manusia dan telah berevolusi dari mekanisme yang sama. Charles Darwin adalah salah satu ilmuwan pertama yang menulis tentang subjek ini, dan pendekatan pengamatannya (dan kadang-kadang anekdot) telah berkembang menjadi pendekatan ilmiah yang lebih kuat, digerakkan oleh hipotesis, Tes bias kognitif dan model ketidakberdayaan yang dipelajari telah menunjukkan perasaan optimisme dan pesimisme dalam berbagai spesies, termasuk tikus, anjing, kucing, kera, domba, anak ayam, jalak, babi, dan lebah madu. Jaak Panksepp memainkan peran besar dalam studi emosi hewan, mendasarkan penelitiannya pada aspek neurologis. Menyebutkan tuju (in)
  • O estudos das emoções em animais, apesar de difícil, é essencial para que haja o entendimento da visão de mundo da perspectiva dos animais. Isso é muito importante para os estudos de bem-estar animal, pois é preciso considerar as experiências de vida e evolução únicas de cada animal para aplicar qualquer conhecimento ao tratamento com eles. Assim como em humanos, não é possível estudar as emoções em animais de forma direta, porém isso não significa que elas não existam. Os estados emocionais de muitos animais são facilmente reconhecíveis. Muitos aspectos observáveis podem ser usados para fazer inferências a respeito do que estão sentindo. As expressões faciais, os olhares, a postura, os sons e cheiros emitidos são indicadores de respostas emocionais a determinadas situações. Uma boa observ (pt)
  • Эмоция определяется как любое мысленное переживание с высокой интенсивностью и высоким гедонистическим содержанием. Считается, что существование и природа эмоций у животных коррелируют с эмоциями человека и произошли от тех же механизмов. Чарльз Дарвин был одним из первых ученых, писавших на эту тему, и его наблюдательный (а иногда и анекдотический) подход с тех пор превратился в более надежный, основанный на гипотезах, научный подход. Тесты на когнитивное искажение и модели выученной беспомощности продемонстрировали чувство оптимизма и пессимизма у самых разных видов животных, включая крыс, собак, кошек, макак-резус, овец, цыплят, скворцов, свиней и пчёл. Яак Панксепп сыграл большую роль в изучении эмоций животных, основывая свои исследования на неврологическом аспекте. Упоминается семь о (ru)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Expression_of_the_Emotions_Figure_4.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Expression_of_the_Emotions_Figure_5.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Expression_of_the_Emotions_Figure_6.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Expression_of_the_Emotions_Figure_7.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Expression_of_the_Emotions_Figure_8.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lorenz_emotions.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Procambarus_clarkii9284477アメリカザリガニ.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glass_Half_Full.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mother's_love.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The_expression_of_the_emotions_in_man_and_animals_(1872)_(14586975300).jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Expression_of_the_Emotions_Figure_10.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Honeybee-27527-1.jpg
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