| has abstract
| - En Estados Unidos un delito federal o una ofensa federal es un delito que se ha declarado ilegal por la legislación federal de Estados Unidos (Título 18 del Código de los Estados Unidos) o un delito que ocurre en la propiedad federal de Estados Unidos. El Buró Federal de Investigaciones (FBI, por sus siglas en inglés) es el organismo encargado de investigar los delitos federales en Estados Unidos. Algunos ejemplos de delitos federales son el secuestro, la evasión fiscal, la falsificación, el robo de importantes obras de arte de un museo, dañar o destruir buzones, los delitos de inmigración y desde 1965 el asesinato de un presidente y/o vicepresidente, pero no se realizaron hasta el asesinato de John F. Kennedy. En Argentina son delitos federales robos y fraudes a bancos, fraudes de correo, soborno a oficial públicos, contrabando, tenencia ilegal de armas de guerra, casos de pornografía, etc. En México son los delitos contra la seguridad de la nación, violaciones al derecho internacional y a la humanidad, etc.
* Datos: Q2881556 (es)
- In the United States, a federal crime or federal offense is an act that is made illegal by U.S. federal legislation enacted by both the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives and signed into law by the president. Prosecution happens at both the federal and the state levels (based on the Dual sovereignty doctrine) and so a "federal crime" is one that is prosecuted under federal criminal law and not under state criminal law under which most of the crimes committed in the United States are prosecuted. That includes many acts for which, if they did not occur on U.S. federal property or on Indian reservations or were not specifically penalized, would either not be crimes or fall under state or local law. Some crimes are listed in Title 18 of the United States Code (the federal criminal and penal code), but others fall under other titles. For instance, tax evasion and possession of weapons banned by the National Firearms Act are criminalized in Title 26 of the United States Code. Numerous federal agencies have been granted powers to investigate federal offenses, including the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Internal Revenue Service, and the Secret Service. Other federal crimes include mail fraud, aircraft hijacking, carjacking, kidnapping, lynching, bank robbery, child pornography, credit card fraud, identity theft, computer crimes, federal hate crimes, animal cruelty, violations of the Federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), obscenity, tax evasion, counterfeiting, violations of the Espionage Act, violations of the Patriot Act, illegal wiretapping, art theft from a museum, damaging or destroying public mailboxes, electoral fraud, immigration offenses, and since 1965 in the aftermath of President John F. Kennedy's assassination, assassinating or attempting assassination of the President or Vice President. In drug-related federal offenses, mandatory minimums can be enforced if federal law is implicated, when a defendant manufactures, sells, imports/exports, traffic, or cultivate illegal controlled substances across state boundaries or national borders. A mandatory minimum is a federally regulated minimum sentence for offenses of certain drugs. Prosecution guidelines are established by the United States Attorney in each federal judicial district and by laws that Congress has already established. (en)
- Aux États-Unis, un crime fédéral (federal crime ou federal offense) est une infraction à une loi fédérale et qui tombe dans la majorité des cas sous la juridiction du FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) depuis la création de ce service, au niveau de l'enquête, tout au moins et qui est traité par le système judiciaire fédéral américain. Le mot anglais « crime » ne peut normalement pas se traduire directement par « crime » en français, ces termes recouvrant des notions différentes dans les droits américain et français par exemple. La traduction en « crime fédéral » est donc un abus de langage largement usité, et l'expression « infraction fédérale » serait bien plus correcte. Ce concept s'applique entre autres si un criminel franchit une frontière inter-état pour commettre un crime avant de s'étendre à partir des années 1920 à plusieurs types de délits tels les enlèvements. Il y a différents services de police dépendants de plusieurs agences ou ministères ayant des compétences propres. Ainsi le Service de Sécurité Diplomatique du Département d'État s'occupe en outre de la fraude des passeports et de l'arrestation de criminels américains à l'étranger. (fr)
- Federala brott i USA innebär antingen att det rör sig om ett brott där den federala lagstiftningen har absolut jurisdiktion eller ett brott som inträffar på ett federalt område. (sv)
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