Healthcare in China has undergone basic changes over the twentieth century and twenty-first centuries, using both public and private medical institutions and insurance programs. As of 2020, about 95% of the population has at least basic health insurance coverage. Basic medical insurance includes two systems: employee medical insurance and resident medical insurance. The former covers the urban employed population, and the latter covers the urban non-employed population and the rural population. 25% of the people covered by the basic medical insurance participated in the employee medical insurance, a total of 344 million people; 75% participated in the residents' medical insurance, a total of 1.017 billion people. Medical assistance has subsidized 78 million poor people to participate in ba
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| - Healthcare in China (en)
- Gesundheitssystem der VR China (de)
- 중국의 보건의료 (ko)
- 中国医保制度 (zh)
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| - 중국의 보건의료는 20세기와 21세기에 걸쳐 공공 및 민간 의료 기관과 보험 프로그램을 활용하여 기본적인 변화를 겪었다. 2020년 기준으로 인구의 약 95%가 최소한 기본 건강 보험에 가입되어 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 공공 건강 보험은 일반적으로 의료 비용의 약 절반만 보상하며, 중대하거나 만성 질환의 경우 그 비율이 더 낮다. 중국 정부는 2020년까지 모든 거주자에게 저렴한 기본 의료를 제공하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 또한 많은 중국인들은 전통 중의학을 사용한다. 일부는 후진적이고 비효율적이라고 생각하고 다른 사람들은 저렴하고 효과적이며 문화적으로 적절하다고 생각한다. 중국은 또한 건강 관련 다국적 기업의 주요 시장이 되었다. 여러 의료기업이 중국 시장에 진출하며 폭발적인 성장을 경험했다. 중국은 또한 의료 연구 및 개발을 위한 성장 허브가 되었다. 위의 내용은 중국 대륙에 적용된다. 홍콩과 마카오의 특별행정구는 독자적인 보편적 의료 시스템을 유지하고 있다. (ko)
- 中国医疗保障制度（医保制度）是指中華人民共和國的公營醫療保險制度，由国家医疗保障局管理，屬於中國醫療衛生体系的一部分。中国医保制度以基本医疗保险为主体，医疗救助为托底，除公营体系外，还包括医疗保险、商业健康保险、职工医疗互助等制度。 2020年，中国基本医疗保险（简称：基本医保）参保13.61亿人，参保覆盖率稳定在95%以上。基本医疗保险包括职工医保和居民医保两项制度，前者覆盖城市就业人口，后者覆盖城市非就业人口及农村人口。基本医疗保险参保人数的25%参加职工医保，共3.44亿人；75%参加居民医保，共10.17亿人。医疗救助资助7800万贫困人口参加基本医疗保险，贫困人口参保面稳定在99.9%以上。2020年，职工医保、居民医保在政策范围内住院费用报销比例，分别达到80%和70%左右。此外还有大病保险、医疗救助等政策。 国家医疗保障局负责统筹规划、管理，医保领域，成立于2018年3月。除中國大陸外，香港、澳門特別行政區各自有獨立的全民醫療保險體系。 (zh)
- Das chinesische Gesundheitssystem umfasst öffentliche Krankenhäuser, Krankenhäuser unter gemeinnütziger Trägerschaft, primäre Gesundheitseinrichtungen und Facheinrichtungen. Nachdem die VR China in den 1970er Jahren eine bezüglich der Patienten-Ärzte-Relation relativ vorbildliche (jedoch nicht evidenzbasierten Standards entsprechende) Gesundheitsversorgung hatte, die vor allem für die Barfußärzte bekannt war, hatten gegen Ende der 1990er Jahre aufgrund der Reformen nur noch ungefähr 5 % der ländlichen Bevölkerung Zugang zum Gesundheitswesen. Diese Fehlentwicklung soll nun bis zum Jahr 2020 behoben werden und die gesamte Bevölkerung Zugang zu einer rudimentären Gesundheitsversorgung erhalten. Am 28. Dezember 2019 wurde ein Gesetz zur grundlegenden Gesundheitsversorgung und Förderung der Ges (de)
- Healthcare in China has undergone basic changes over the twentieth century and twenty-first centuries, using both public and private medical institutions and insurance programs. As of 2020, about 95% of the population has at least basic health insurance coverage. Basic medical insurance includes two systems: employee medical insurance and resident medical insurance. The former covers the urban employed population, and the latter covers the urban non-employed population and the rural population. 25% of the people covered by the basic medical insurance participated in the employee medical insurance, a total of 344 million people; 75% participated in the residents' medical insurance, a total of 1.017 billion people. Medical assistance has subsidized 78 million poor people to participate in ba (en)
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| - Das chinesische Gesundheitssystem umfasst öffentliche Krankenhäuser, Krankenhäuser unter gemeinnütziger Trägerschaft, primäre Gesundheitseinrichtungen und Facheinrichtungen. Nachdem die VR China in den 1970er Jahren eine bezüglich der Patienten-Ärzte-Relation relativ vorbildliche (jedoch nicht evidenzbasierten Standards entsprechende) Gesundheitsversorgung hatte, die vor allem für die Barfußärzte bekannt war, hatten gegen Ende der 1990er Jahre aufgrund der Reformen nur noch ungefähr 5 % der ländlichen Bevölkerung Zugang zum Gesundheitswesen. Diese Fehlentwicklung soll nun bis zum Jahr 2020 behoben werden und die gesamte Bevölkerung Zugang zu einer rudimentären Gesundheitsversorgung erhalten. Am 28. Dezember 2019 wurde ein Gesetz zur grundlegenden Gesundheitsversorgung und Förderung der Gesundheit vom Ständigen Ausschuss des Nationalen Volkskongress verabschiedet. Die COVID-19-Pandemie, die in der chinesischen Stadt Wuhan ausgebrochen war, zeigt wie dringlich Reformen im Gesundheitssektor sind. (de)
- Healthcare in China has undergone basic changes over the twentieth century and twenty-first centuries, using both public and private medical institutions and insurance programs. As of 2020, about 95% of the population has at least basic health insurance coverage. Basic medical insurance includes two systems: employee medical insurance and resident medical insurance. The former covers the urban employed population, and the latter covers the urban non-employed population and the rural population. 25% of the people covered by the basic medical insurance participated in the employee medical insurance, a total of 344 million people; 75% participated in the residents' medical insurance, a total of 1.017 billion people. Medical assistance has subsidized 78 million poor people to participate in basic medical insurance, and the coverage of poor people has stabilized at over 99.9%. Despite this, public health insurance generally only covers about half of medical costs, with the proportion lower for serious or chronic illnesses. Under the "Healthy China 2020" initiative, China has undertaken an effort to cut healthcare costs, requiring insurance to cover 70% of costs by the end of 2018. In addition, there are policies such as critical illness insurance and medical assistance. The country maintains two parallel medical systems, one for modern or Western medicine, and one for Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Some Chinese consider TCM backward and ineffective, others consider it inexpensive, effective, and culturally appropriate. China has also become a major market for health-related multinational companies. Companies such as AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, and Merck entered the Chinese market and have experienced explosive growth. China has also become a growing hub for healthcare research and development. According to Sam Radwan of ENHANCE International, China’s projected healthcare spending in 2050 may exceed Germany’s entire 2020 gross domestic product. The above only applies to Mainland China. Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau maintain their own separate universal healthcare systems. (en)
- 중국의 보건의료는 20세기와 21세기에 걸쳐 공공 및 민간 의료 기관과 보험 프로그램을 활용하여 기본적인 변화를 겪었다. 2020년 기준으로 인구의 약 95%가 최소한 기본 건강 보험에 가입되어 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 공공 건강 보험은 일반적으로 의료 비용의 약 절반만 보상하며, 중대하거나 만성 질환의 경우 그 비율이 더 낮다. 중국 정부는 2020년까지 모든 거주자에게 저렴한 기본 의료를 제공하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 또한 많은 중국인들은 전통 중의학을 사용한다. 일부는 후진적이고 비효율적이라고 생각하고 다른 사람들은 저렴하고 효과적이며 문화적으로 적절하다고 생각한다. 중국은 또한 건강 관련 다국적 기업의 주요 시장이 되었다. 여러 의료기업이 중국 시장에 진출하며 폭발적인 성장을 경험했다. 중국은 또한 의료 연구 및 개발을 위한 성장 허브가 되었다. 위의 내용은 중국 대륙에 적용된다. 홍콩과 마카오의 특별행정구는 독자적인 보편적 의료 시스템을 유지하고 있다. (ko)
- 中国医疗保障制度（医保制度）是指中華人民共和國的公營醫療保險制度，由国家医疗保障局管理，屬於中國醫療衛生体系的一部分。中国医保制度以基本医疗保险为主体，医疗救助为托底，除公营体系外，还包括医疗保险、商业健康保险、职工医疗互助等制度。 2020年，中国基本医疗保险（简称：基本医保）参保13.61亿人，参保覆盖率稳定在95%以上。基本医疗保险包括职工医保和居民医保两项制度，前者覆盖城市就业人口，后者覆盖城市非就业人口及农村人口。基本医疗保险参保人数的25%参加职工医保，共3.44亿人；75%参加居民医保，共10.17亿人。医疗救助资助7800万贫困人口参加基本医疗保险，贫困人口参保面稳定在99.9%以上。2020年，职工医保、居民医保在政策范围内住院费用报销比例，分别达到80%和70%左右。此外还有大病保险、医疗救助等政策。 国家医疗保障局负责统筹规划、管理，医保领域，成立于2018年3月。除中國大陸外，香港、澳門特別行政區各自有獨立的全民醫療保險體系。 (zh)
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