The Hindu rate of growth is a term used by advocates of liberalisation referring to the lower annual growth rate of the economy of India before the economic reforms of 1991, which stagnated around 3.5% from 1950s to 1980s, while per capita income growth averaged around 1.3%. The usage of the term has been criticized by modern neoliberal economists as they believe that the cause of the low growth rate was the failed dirigist model and economic mismanagement. The Indian economy of this period is characterised as Dirigism.
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| - Tingkat pertumbuhan Hindu (in)
- Hindu rate of growth (en)
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| - The Hindu rate of growth is a term used by advocates of liberalisation referring to the lower annual growth rate of the economy of India before the economic reforms of 1991, which stagnated around 3.5% from 1950s to 1980s, while per capita income growth averaged around 1.3%. The usage of the term has been criticized by modern neoliberal economists as they believe that the cause of the low growth rate was the failed dirigist model and economic mismanagement. The Indian economy of this period is characterised as Dirigism. (en)
- Tingkat pertumbuhan Hindu adalah istilah yang mengacu kepada tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi tahunan India yang rendah pada masa sebelum dilakukannya liberalisasi ekonomi pada tahun 1991. Tingkat pertumbuhan India pada masa tersebut stagnan pada angka 3,5% dari tahun 1950-an hingga 1980-an, sementara rata-rata pertumbuhan pendapatan per kapitanya adalah 1,3%. (in)
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| - The Hindu rate of growth is a term used by advocates of liberalisation referring to the lower annual growth rate of the economy of India before the economic reforms of 1991, which stagnated around 3.5% from 1950s to 1980s, while per capita income growth averaged around 1.3%. The usage of the term has been criticized by modern neoliberal economists as they believe that the cause of the low growth rate was the failed dirigist model and economic mismanagement. The term contrasts with South Korea's Miracle on the Han River and the Taiwan Miracle. While these Asian Tigers had similar income level as India in the 1950s, exponential economic growth since then has transformed them into developed countries today. However, comparisons with India's neighbours such as Bangladesh, China or Pakistan are not made. The Indian economy of this period is characterised as Dirigism. The economy of India accelerated and has grown at a rate of around 3–9% since economic liberalisation began in the 1990s with the exception of 2020. GDP growth rate has however slowed since 2016. The word "Hindu" in the term was used by some early economists like Vikas Mishra to imply that the Hindu outlook of fatalism and contentedness was responsible for the slow growth. Later liberal economists reject this connection and instead attribute the rate to the Indian government's protectionist and interventionist policies, rather than to a specific religion or to the attitude of the adherents of a particular religion. Accordingly, some neoliberal writers instead use the term "Nehruvian rate of growth". (en)
- Tingkat pertumbuhan Hindu adalah istilah yang mengacu kepada tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi tahunan India yang rendah pada masa sebelum dilakukannya liberalisasi ekonomi pada tahun 1991. Tingkat pertumbuhan India pada masa tersebut stagnan pada angka 3,5% dari tahun 1950-an hingga 1980-an, sementara rata-rata pertumbuhan pendapatan per kapitanya adalah 1,3%. Istilah ini dicetuskan oleh ekonom India . Tingkat pertumbuhan Hindu sangat berlawanan dengan Keajaiban di Sungai Han di Korea Selatan dan Keajaiban Taiwan. Empat negara memiliki tingkat pendapatan yang serupa dengan India pada tahun 1950-an, tetapi pertumbuhan ekonomi eksponensial kemudian mengubah negara-negara tersebut menjadi negara maju seperti saat ini. Istilah "Hindu" sendiri digunakan oleh beberapa ekonom untuk menyiratkan bahwa pandangan fatalisme dan kepuasan dalam kepercayaan Hinduisme merupakan penyebab pertumbuhan ekonomi yang lambat, tetapi sebenarnya penyebab lambatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi India pada masa itu adalah kebijakan pemerintah India yang proteksionis dan intervensionis (lihat Licence Raj). Ekonomi India mulai melejit setelah liberalisasi ekonomi semenjak tahun 1991. (in)
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