The Hundred and Four, or Council of 104 (Phoenician Miat, from the Mia - "hundred", Ancient Greek: Εκατόν, Latin: Ordo judicum), was a Carthaginian tribunal of judges. They were created early in Carthage's history, and are described in Aristotle's Politics (4th century BC) as "the highest constitutional authority." The Hundred and Four were in charge of judging generals and the military, who exercised a great deal of independence from the government in Carthage. The Hundred and Four were intended to provide a check to ensure the military served the needs of the senate and the people. However, by the time of Hannibal, and his stint as Suffet (early 2nd century BC), the 104 had acquired tyrannical power.
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| - Consejo de los Cien (es)
- Hundred and Four (en)
- Совет ста четырёх (ru)
- Conselho dos Cem (pt)
- Міят (uk)
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| - El Consejo de los Cien o Consejo de los 104 (en griego: γερουσια, 'gerusía') era un comité selecto que dirigía todos los procesos del . En la República romana era conocido como el Senado de Cartago, por asimilación a sus órganos propios de gobierno. Se trataba sin duda del órgano gubernamental con más poder de la ciudad, compuesto en su totalidad por poderosos aristócratas. Sus funciones se orientaban más a prevenir la acumulación de poder en manos de individuos ambiciosos, que a aumentar los derechos civiles o mejorar las condiciones sociales del pueblo púnico. (es)
- Совет ста четырёх, или миат (финик. 𐤌𐤀𐤕, M't) — контрольный орган и высшая судебная инстанция Карфагена во второй половине V—II веках до н. э. (ru)
- O Conselho dos Cem ou Conselho dos 104 (em grego: Εκατόν) era um comitê seleto que dirigia todos os processos do . Na República Romana era conhecido como o Senado de Cartago, por se assemelhar a seus órgãos próprios de governo. Se tratava sem dúvida do órgão governamental com mais poder da cidade, composto em sua totalidade por poderosos aristocratas. Suas funções se orientavam mais a prevenir a acumulação de poder em mãos de individuais ambiciosos, que a aumentar os direitos civis o melhorar as condições sociais do povo púnico. (pt)
- The Hundred and Four, or Council of 104 (Phoenician Miat, from the Mia - "hundred", Ancient Greek: Εκατόν, Latin: Ordo judicum), was a Carthaginian tribunal of judges. They were created early in Carthage's history, and are described in Aristotle's Politics (4th century BC) as "the highest constitutional authority." The Hundred and Four were in charge of judging generals and the military, who exercised a great deal of independence from the government in Carthage. The Hundred and Four were intended to provide a check to ensure the military served the needs of the senate and the people. However, by the time of Hannibal, and his stint as Suffet (early 2nd century BC), the 104 had acquired tyrannical power. (en)
- Міят (фінік. , від - "сто", дав.-гр. Εκατόν, лат. Ordo judicum), Рада ста — найвищий контрольний орган у фінікійських містах-державах. В Карфагені був створений у другій половині V ст. до н. е. після повалення влади Магонідів з метою не дозволити військовим командувачам та суфетам зосереджувати в своїх руках надмірну владу. Міят стежив за дотриманням законів усіма державними посадовцями. За елліністичної доби міят існував також у Тірі. (uk)
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| - The Hundred and Four, or Council of 104 (Phoenician Miat, from the Mia - "hundred", Ancient Greek: Εκατόν, Latin: Ordo judicum), was a Carthaginian tribunal of judges. They were created early in Carthage's history, and are described in Aristotle's Politics (4th century BC) as "the highest constitutional authority." The Hundred and Four were in charge of judging generals and the military, who exercised a great deal of independence from the government in Carthage. The Hundred and Four were intended to provide a check to ensure the military served the needs of the senate and the people. However, by the time of Hannibal, and his stint as Suffet (early 2nd century BC), the 104 had acquired tyrannical power. “By the old constitution, the Senate had the right to control the magistrates; but this new body of judges controlled the Senate, and therefore, in reality, the magistrates also. Nor was it content to control the Senate; it practically superseded it... No Shofete, no Senator, no general, was exempt from their irresponsible despotism. The Shofetes presided, the senators deliberated, the generals fought, as it were, with a halter around their necks. The sentences passed by the Hundred, if they were often deserved, were often also, like those of the dreaded “Ten” at Venice, to whom they bore a striking resemblance, arbitrary and cruel.” By leading a populist reform movement—including substituting annual rotation in office for the life tenure formerly enjoyed by the 104—Hannibal managed to restore a measure of popular rule. Until Hannibal's reforms the Hundred and Four held their position for life. During Hannibal's term as Suffett he used popular support to change the term to a year and to add a term limit of two years. (en)
- El Consejo de los Cien o Consejo de los 104 (en griego: γερουσια, 'gerusía') era un comité selecto que dirigía todos los procesos del . En la República romana era conocido como el Senado de Cartago, por asimilación a sus órganos propios de gobierno. Se trataba sin duda del órgano gubernamental con más poder de la ciudad, compuesto en su totalidad por poderosos aristócratas. Sus funciones se orientaban más a prevenir la acumulación de poder en manos de individuos ambiciosos, que a aumentar los derechos civiles o mejorar las condiciones sociales del pueblo púnico. (es)
- Совет ста четырёх, или миат (финик. 𐤌𐤀𐤕, M't) — контрольный орган и высшая судебная инстанция Карфагена во второй половине V—II веках до н. э. (ru)
- O Conselho dos Cem ou Conselho dos 104 (em grego: Εκατόν) era um comitê seleto que dirigia todos os processos do . Na República Romana era conhecido como o Senado de Cartago, por se assemelhar a seus órgãos próprios de governo. Se tratava sem dúvida do órgão governamental com mais poder da cidade, composto em sua totalidade por poderosos aristocratas. Suas funções se orientavam mais a prevenir a acumulação de poder em mãos de individuais ambiciosos, que a aumentar os direitos civis o melhorar as condições sociais do povo púnico. (pt)
- Міят (фінік. , від - "сто", дав.-гр. Εκατόν, лат. Ordo judicum), Рада ста — найвищий контрольний орган у фінікійських містах-державах. В Карфагені був створений у другій половині V ст. до н. е. після повалення влади Магонідів з метою не дозволити військовим командувачам та суфетам зосереджувати в своїх руках надмірну владу. Міят стежив за дотриманням законів усіма державними посадовцями. Складався із ста або ста чотирьох осіб (останню цифру наводить Аристотель, проте він же каже про "сотню" осіб). Формувався зі складу адіри шляхом кооптації – через так звані пентархії (фінік. ). Лише за ініціативою Ганнібала Барки у 196 р. до н. е. міят був перетворений на виборний орган, члени якого до того ж обиралися щорічно. За елліністичної доби міят існував також у Тірі. (uk)
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