The temperatures of a planet's surface and atmosphere are governed by a delicate balancing of their energy flows. The idealized greenhouse model is based on the fact that certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, including carbon dioxide and water vapour, are transparent to the high-frequency solar radiation, but are much more opaque to the lower frequency infrared radiation leaving Earth's surface. Thus heat is easily let in, but is partially trapped by these gases as it tries to leave. Rather than get hotter and hotter, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation says that the gases of the atmosphere also have to re-emit the infrared energy that they absorb, and they do so, also at long infrared wavelengths, both upwards into space as well as downwards back towards the Earth's surface. In the lo
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| - Idealisiertes Treibhausmodell (de)
- Idealized greenhouse model (en)
- Modèle d'effet de serre simplifié (fr)
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| - Das idealisierte Treibhausmodell ist ein einfaches Modell zur Bestimmung der Oberflächen- und der Atmosphärentemperatur der Erde oder eines anderen Planeten. Mit Hilfe eines idealisierten Planeten kann der Treibhauseffekt illustriert werden; dieses Modell ist üblich in entsprechenden Lehrbüchern. (de)
- The temperatures of a planet's surface and atmosphere are governed by a delicate balancing of their energy flows. The idealized greenhouse model is based on the fact that certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, including carbon dioxide and water vapour, are transparent to the high-frequency solar radiation, but are much more opaque to the lower frequency infrared radiation leaving Earth's surface. Thus heat is easily let in, but is partially trapped by these gases as it tries to leave. Rather than get hotter and hotter, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation says that the gases of the atmosphere also have to re-emit the infrared energy that they absorb, and they do so, also at long infrared wavelengths, both upwards into space as well as downwards back towards the Earth's surface. In the lo (en)
- Le modèle d'effet de serre idéalisé est un modèle simple permettant de déterminer la température de surface et la température atmosphérique de la Terre ou d'une autre planète. Le modèle de serre idéalisé est basé sur le fait que certains gaz de l'atmosphère terrestre, y compris le dioxyde de carbone et la vapeur d'eau, sont transparents au rayonnement solaire à haute fréquence et à haute énergie, mais sont beaucoup plus opaques au rayonnement infrarouge à basse fréquence quittant la surface de la terre. Ainsi, l'énergie solaire traverse facilement l'atmosphère, mais elle est partiellement piégée par ces gaz lorsqu'elle essaie de s'en échapper. (fr)
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| - Das idealisierte Treibhausmodell ist ein einfaches Modell zur Bestimmung der Oberflächen- und der Atmosphärentemperatur der Erde oder eines anderen Planeten. Mit Hilfe eines idealisierten Planeten kann der Treibhauseffekt illustriert werden; dieses Modell ist üblich in entsprechenden Lehrbüchern. (de)
- The temperatures of a planet's surface and atmosphere are governed by a delicate balancing of their energy flows. The idealized greenhouse model is based on the fact that certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, including carbon dioxide and water vapour, are transparent to the high-frequency solar radiation, but are much more opaque to the lower frequency infrared radiation leaving Earth's surface. Thus heat is easily let in, but is partially trapped by these gases as it tries to leave. Rather than get hotter and hotter, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation says that the gases of the atmosphere also have to re-emit the infrared energy that they absorb, and they do so, also at long infrared wavelengths, both upwards into space as well as downwards back towards the Earth's surface. In the long-term, the planet's thermal inertia is surmounted and a new thermal equilibrium is reached when all energy arriving on the planet is leaving again at the same rate. In this steady-state model, the greenhouse gases cause the surface of the planet to be warmer than it would be without them, in order for a balanced amount of heat energy to finally be radiated out into space from the top of the atmosphere. Essential features of this model where first published by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. It has since become a common introductory "textbook model" of the radiative heat transfer physics underlying Earth's energy balance and the greenhouse effect. The planet is idealized by the model as being functionally layered, but dimensionless (i.e. a zero-dimensional model) with regard to its mathematical space. The layers include a surface with constant temperature Ts and an atmospheric layer with constant temperature Ta. For diagrammatic clarity, a gap can be depicted between the atmosphere and the surface. Alternatively, Ts could be interpreted as a temperature representative of the surface and the lower atmosphere, and Ta could be interpreted as the temperature of the upper atmosphere, also called the skin temperature. In order to justify that Ta and Ts remain constant over the planet, strong oceanic and atmospheric currents can be imagined to provide plentiful lateral mixing. Furthermore, the temperatures are understood to be multi-decadal averages such that any daily or seasonal cycles are insignificant. (en)
- Le modèle d'effet de serre idéalisé est un modèle simple permettant de déterminer la température de surface et la température atmosphérique de la Terre ou d'une autre planète. Le modèle de serre idéalisé est basé sur le fait que certains gaz de l'atmosphère terrestre, y compris le dioxyde de carbone et la vapeur d'eau, sont transparents au rayonnement solaire à haute fréquence et à haute énergie, mais sont beaucoup plus opaques au rayonnement infrarouge à basse fréquence quittant la surface de la terre. Ainsi, l'énergie solaire traverse facilement l'atmosphère, mais elle est partiellement piégée par ces gaz lorsqu'elle essaie de s'en échapper. Selon la loi du rayonnement de Kirchhoff, les gaz de l'atmosphère doivent réémettre l'énergie infrarouge qu'ils absorbent, et ils le font, également à de longues longueurs d'onde infrarouges, à la fois vers le haut dans l'espace et vers la surface de la Terre. A long terme, l'équilibre thermique est atteint lorsque toute l'énergie thermique arrivant sur la planète repart au même rythme. Dans ce modèle idéalisé, les gaz à effet de serre rendent la surface de la planète plus chaude qu'elle ne le serait sans eux, afin que la quantité d'énergie thermique requise soit finalement rayonnée dans l'espace depuis le sommet de l'atmosphère. L’effet de serre est ainsi illustré à l'aide d'une planète idéalisée et ce modèle est couramment utilisé dans les manuels scolaires. (fr)
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