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Industrial-grade primes (the term is apparently due to Henri Cohen) are integers for which primality has not been certified (i.e. rigorously proven), but they have undergone probable prime tests such as the Miller–Rabin primality test, which has a positive, but negligible, failure rate, or the Baillie–PSW primality test, which no composites are known to pass.

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  • Número primo de grado industrial (es)
  • Industrial-grade prime (en)
  • 產業等級質數 (zh)
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  • 產業等級質數(Industrial-grade primes)是由取名的數,表示一整數尚未以嚴謹的方式證實是質數,但已通過了測試,像是米勒-拉宾检验(有正的,不可忽略的失效率),或是,目前還沒有任一個合數通過此測試。 產業等級質數有時會用來代替一些演算法中需要的認證質數,像RSA加密演算法就需要用戶產生大的質數。若數字位數超過100位,證明它們是產業等級質數會比素性测试簡單很多。前者可以立即產生,而其不是質數的失效率很低,因此在實務上幾乎不可能失效。換句話說,對於於這些數字是質數可以抱持非常高的信心,不過不是一定成立。 (zh)
  • Industrial-grade primes (the term is apparently due to Henri Cohen) are integers for which primality has not been certified (i.e. rigorously proven), but they have undergone probable prime tests such as the Miller–Rabin primality test, which has a positive, but negligible, failure rate, or the Baillie–PSW primality test, which no composites are known to pass. (en)
  • Los primos de grado industrial (el término aparentemente se debe a ​) son números enteros cuya condición de número primo no ha sido certificada (es decir, no se ha probado rigurosamente), pero se han sometido a pruebas de probable primalidad como el test de primalidad de Miller-Rabin, que tiene un resultado efectivo pero con una insignificante tasa de fallas, o el test de primalidad de Baillie-PSW, que hoy por hoy no se conoce que pase ningún número compuesto. (es)
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  • Industrial-grade primes (the term is apparently due to Henri Cohen) are integers for which primality has not been certified (i.e. rigorously proven), but they have undergone probable prime tests such as the Miller–Rabin primality test, which has a positive, but negligible, failure rate, or the Baillie–PSW primality test, which no composites are known to pass. Industrial-grade primes are sometimes used instead of certified primes in algorithms such as RSA encryption, which require the user to generate large prime numbers. Certifying the primality of large numbers (over 100 digits for instance) is significantly harder than showing they are industrial-grade primes. The latter can be done almost instantly with a failure rate so low that it is highly unlikely to ever fail in practice. In other words, the number is believed to be prime with very high, but not absolute, confidence. (en)
  • Los primos de grado industrial (el término aparentemente se debe a ​) son números enteros cuya condición de número primo no ha sido certificada (es decir, no se ha probado rigurosamente), pero se han sometido a pruebas de probable primalidad como el test de primalidad de Miller-Rabin, que tiene un resultado efectivo pero con una insignificante tasa de fallas, o el test de primalidad de Baillie-PSW, que hoy por hoy no se conoce que pase ningún número compuesto. A veces se utilizan primos de grado industrial en lugar de primos certificados en algoritmos como el RSA, que requieren el uso de un número primo grande. Certificar la primalidad de números grandes (más de 100 dígitos, por ejemplo) es significativamente más difícil que demostrar que son números primos de grado industrial. Esto último se puede hacer casi instantáneamente con una función de riesgo tan bajo, que es muy poco probable que falle en la práctica. En otras palabras, se estima que el número es primo con una confianza muy alta, pero no absoluta. (es)
  • 產業等級質數(Industrial-grade primes)是由取名的數,表示一整數尚未以嚴謹的方式證實是質數,但已通過了測試,像是米勒-拉宾检验(有正的,不可忽略的失效率),或是,目前還沒有任一個合數通過此測試。 產業等級質數有時會用來代替一些演算法中需要的認證質數,像RSA加密演算法就需要用戶產生大的質數。若數字位數超過100位,證明它們是產業等級質數會比素性测试簡單很多。前者可以立即產生,而其不是質數的失效率很低,因此在實務上幾乎不可能失效。換句話說,對於於這些數字是質數可以抱持非常高的信心,不過不是一定成立。 (zh)
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