Industrial information economy is a term coined by Harvard University Professor Yochai Benkler. Benkler discusses this term in-depth in his 2006 book The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. Industrial information economy is the first form of information economy and has existed since the late-nineteenth century and into the twentieth-century . Recently, industrial information economy evolved into a new form known as networked information economy with the advent of the Internet .
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| - Βιομηχανική οικονομία της πληροφορίας (el)
- Industrial information economy (en)
- Economia da informação em rede (pt)
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| - Η Βιομηχανική οικονομία της πληροφορίας είναι ένας όρος που επινοήθηκε από τον καθηγητή του Πανεπιστήμιου Χάρβαρντ . Ο Μπένκλερ αναλύει σε βάθος τον όρο αυτό στο βιβλίο του Ο Πλούτος των Δικτύων: Πώς η Κοινωνική Παραγωγή Μετατρέπει τις Αγορές και την Ελευθερία (2006). (el)
- Industrial information economy is a term coined by Harvard University Professor Yochai Benkler. Benkler discusses this term in-depth in his 2006 book The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. Industrial information economy is the first form of information economy and has existed since the late-nineteenth century and into the twentieth-century . Recently, industrial information economy evolved into a new form known as networked information economy with the advent of the Internet . (en)
- Economia da informação em rede é um termo criado pelo professor da Universidade de Harvard, Yochai Benkler, e amplamente discutido em dois dos seus livros: The Wealth of Networks - How social production transforms markets and freedom ("A Riqueza das Redes - Como a produção social transforma os mercados e a liberdade") e The Penguin and the Leviathan - How Cooperation Triumphs over Self-Interest ("O Pinguim e o Leviatã - O triunfo da cooperação sobre o auto interesse").Para Benkler, os sistemas colaborativos vêm exercendo um impacto real na economia, criando um novo modelo econômico que merece ser analisado e estudado. De acordo com ele, esse modelo é um novo estágio na economia industrial da informação, mas é caracterizado pela descentralização do poder e por seus indivíduos envolvidos tra (pt)
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| - Wikipedia:Canada Education Program/Courses/Knowledge and Information in Society (en)
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| - Η Βιομηχανική οικονομία της πληροφορίας είναι ένας όρος που επινοήθηκε από τον καθηγητή του Πανεπιστήμιου Χάρβαρντ . Ο Μπένκλερ αναλύει σε βάθος τον όρο αυτό στο βιβλίο του Ο Πλούτος των Δικτύων: Πώς η Κοινωνική Παραγωγή Μετατρέπει τις Αγορές και την Ελευθερία (2006). Η Βιομηχανική οικονομία της πληροφορίας είναι η πρώτη μορφή της οικονομίας της πληροφορίας και εμφανίστηκε γύρω στα τέλη του 19ου (Benkler 2006, σελ.3). Πρόσφατα, η βιομηχανική οικονομία της πληροφορίας εξελίχθηκε σε μια νέα μορφή, γνωστή ως διαδικτυωμένη οικονομία της πληροφορίας, με την εξέλιξη του Διαδικτύου (Benkler 2003, σελ. 1250-1251). (el)
- Industrial information economy is a term coined by Harvard University Professor Yochai Benkler. Benkler discusses this term in-depth in his 2006 book The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. Industrial information economy is the first form of information economy and has existed since the late-nineteenth century and into the twentieth-century . Recently, industrial information economy evolved into a new form known as networked information economy with the advent of the Internet . It represents one in which consumers are passive, as opposed to the networked information economy in which consumers are active often to the point of equally being producers (either in terms of creativity or by allowing usage of their idle processing, storage or bandwidth). In addition, industrial information economy promoted the dominance of the mega-corporation, and created passive workers who had no control over what they produced or consumed. Benkler contends that within the industrial information economy "most opportunities to make things that were valuable and important to many people were constrained by the physical capital requirements of making them" and thus in comparison to the networked information economy undemocratic. Based on information technology, according to Paliwala, the industrial information economy was centred on information and cultural production, and the manipulation of symbols whereas the networked information economy is based on communications. Benkler points out that the incumbents of the industrial information economy are threatened by the networked information economy. In response to this threat he references examples of the incumbents fighting back; including the broadcast flag and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Other well known examples could have equally have been added such as telephone operator blocking of Skype, the HDCP standard as well as other forms of digital rights management such as those found in Microsoft Vista. Benkler warns that how the battle between the incumbents of the industrial information economy against the emerging networked information economy plays out, the life of individuals in the world's most advanced economies will be deeply affected. He states : How these battles turn out over the next decade or so will likely have a significant effect on how we come to know what is going on in the world we occupy, and to what extent and in what forms we will be able—as autonomous individuals, ascitizens, and as participants in cultures and communities—to affect how we and others see the world as it is and as it might be. In his introduction to Wealth of Networks, Benkler suggests that the industrial information economy will make our culture more transparent and malleable. This will happen because easy and quick access to information will let us learn in real time about our present culture. His ideas are drawn from and supported by legal scholars Niva Elkin Koren, Terry Fisher, Larry Lessig, and Jack Balkin who have talked about how the Internet democratizes culture. (Benkler, 2006 p. 15) I suggest that the networked information environment offers us a more attractivecultural production system in two distinct ways: (1) it makes culture moretransparent, and (2) it makes culture more malleable. Together, these meanthat we are seeing the emergence of a new folk culture—a practice that hasbeen largely suppressed in the industrial era of cultural production—wheremany more of us participate actively in making cultural moves and findingmeaning in the world around us. These practices make their practitionersbetter "readers" of their own culture and more self-reflective and critical ofthe culture they occupy, thereby enabling them to become more self-reflectiveparticipants in conversations within that culture. (Benkler, 2006 p. 15) (en)
- Economia da informação em rede é um termo criado pelo professor da Universidade de Harvard, Yochai Benkler, e amplamente discutido em dois dos seus livros: The Wealth of Networks - How social production transforms markets and freedom ("A Riqueza das Redes - Como a produção social transforma os mercados e a liberdade") e The Penguin and the Leviathan - How Cooperation Triumphs over Self-Interest ("O Pinguim e o Leviatã - O triunfo da cooperação sobre o auto interesse").Para Benkler, os sistemas colaborativos vêm exercendo um impacto real na economia, criando um novo modelo econômico que merece ser analisado e estudado. De acordo com ele, esse modelo é um novo estágio na economia industrial da informação, mas é caracterizado pela descentralização do poder e por seus indivíduos envolvidos trabalharem e se comunicarem através de um modelo de redes. Ele chama esse novo sistema de economia da informação em rede. (pt)
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