James Cosgrave (12 September 1865 – 18 April 1936; surname also spelt as Cosgrove) was an Irish nationalist politician, and also one of the few parliamentarians who served in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and in Dáil Éireann. Born in Skehanagh, Eyrecourt, County Galway, he was the son of Michael Cosgrave and Margaret Kirwan. He was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament for East Galway in the 4 December 1914 by-election for the Irish Parliamentary Party on the death of John Roche. He did not contest the 1918 general election, and the seat was won by Liam Mellows of Sinn Féin.