Joseph Oliver Carter (December 20, 1835 – February 27, 1909), known professionally as Joseph O. Carter, also known as J. O. Carter and Joe Carter, was a legal advisor to Queen Liliʻuokalani, serving on her Privy Council of State. He served in the Provisional Government of Hawaii after the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and was an opponent to annexation by the United States. Carter was trustee of many large estates in Hawaii and was one of the first directors of the Bishop Museum.