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The Lange model (or Lange–Lerner theorem) is a neoclassical economic model for a hypothetical socialist economy based on public ownership of the means of production and a trial-and-error approach to determining output targets and achieving economic equilibrium and Pareto efficiency. In this model, the state owns non-labor factors of production, and markets allocate final goods and consumer goods. The Lange model states that if all production is performed by a public body such as the state, and there is a functioning price mechanism, this economy will be Pareto-efficient, like a hypothetical market economy under perfect competition. Unlike models of capitalism, the Lange model is based on direct allocation, by directing enterprise managers to set price equal to marginal cost in order to ach

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rdfs:label	Modelo de Lange (es) Model Lange (in) Lange model (en) 兰格模型 (zh)
rdfs:comment	兰格模型（英語：Lange model）或称兰格-勒纳理论（英語：Lange–Lerner theorem），是新古典經濟學派基于生产资料公有制的社会主义经济所构建的理论模型。这一模型中，某一公共实体（通常指国家）拥有所有的非劳动生产要素，市场则用以分配终级产品和消费品，整个经济体通过不断试错的方式决定生产计划的目标函数，以达成經濟均衡和帕累托最优。兰格模型的一个重要前提假设就是，若所有生产由一个公共实体（例如国家）来实施，且价格机制正常运转，经济体总会和完全竞争下的市场经济一样保持帕累托最优（亦称帕累托均衡）。不同于资本主义模型，兰格模型中，商品透过企业管理者直接将价格设定于边际成本而进行分配，从而实现帕累托最优；而资本主义社会中，企业一方面努力使得企业主的利润达到最大化而努力增加价格，另一方面受到市场竞争下产生的价格压力而调整价格，从而在这一博弈中实现供需信号的传递，而间接达到帕累托最优。兰格模型突破了的苏联式社会主义模式，首次提出了市场社会主义这一概念。 (zh) The Lange model (or Lange–Lerner theorem) is a neoclassical economic model for a hypothetical socialist economy based on public ownership of the means of production and a trial-and-error approach to determining output targets and achieving economic equilibrium and Pareto efficiency. In this model, the state owns non-labor factors of production, and markets allocate final goods and consumer goods. The Lange model states that if all production is performed by a public body such as the state, and there is a functioning price mechanism, this economy will be Pareto-efficient, like a hypothetical market economy under perfect competition. Unlike models of capitalism, the Lange model is based on direct allocation, by directing enterprise managers to set price equal to marginal cost in order to ach (en) El modelo de Lange es un modelo económico neoclásico para una hipotética economía socialista, basada en una combinación de propiedad pública de los medios de producción con un enfoque de ensayo y error para determinar los objetivos de producción y lograr el equilibrio económico y la eficiencia de Pareto. Dentro de este modelo, el Estado es propietario de los factores de producción no laborales, mientras que los mercados son los responsables de asignar los bienes finales y los bienes de consumo. (es) Model Lange (atau teorema Lange-Lerner) adalah model ekonomi neoklasik untuk ekonomi sosialis hipotetis yang didasarkan atas kepemilikan publik terhadap alat produksi dan pendekatan trial-and-error untuk menentukan target keluaran, mencapai serta . Dalam model ini, negara memiliki faktor non-kerja dari produksi, dan pasar mengalokasikan barang jadi dan barang konsumsi. Model Lange menyatakan bahwa jika semua produksi dilakukan oleh badan publik seperti negara, dan terdapat mekanisme harga yang berfungsi, ekonomi ini dapat mencapai efisiensi Pareto, seperti ekonomi pasar hipotetis di bawah . Tidak seperti model kapitalisme, model Lange didasarkan atas alokasi langsung, dengan mengarahkan manajer perusahaan untuk menentukan harga yang setara dengan biaya marjinal untuk mencapai efisiensi Pa (in)
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	Neoclassical economics Market socialism Economic planning Economic systems Economics models Socialism
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Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Roemer, John New Economic Mechanism Neoclassical economics Allocative efficiency Vilfredo Pareto Indicative planning People's Republic of Hungary Neoclassical economics Friedrich Hayek Market socialism Ludwig von Mises Léon Walras The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics Market socialism Economic planning Economic systems Criticisms of socialism Abba P. Lerner Externalities Oskar R. Lange Capitalism Goulash Communism Journal of Political Economy Means of production X-inefficiency Economics models Socialism János Kádár Economic equilibrium Economic model Economic planning Economies of scale Marginal cost Poland Fred M. Taylor Milton Friedman Centrally planned economy Marginalism Market economy Soviet-type economic planning Abba Lerner Socialist economics Social dividend Workplace democracy Perfect competition Pareto efficiency Socialist calculation debate Socialist economy Soviet Studies Marginal cost pricing The Journal of Economic Perspectives dbr:A_Future_for_Socialism
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	https://www.questia.com/library/1G1-17614249/post-lange-market-socialism-an-evaluation-of-profit-oriented https://www.mises.org/journals/scholar/macKenzie11.pdf https://www.mises.org/journals/scholar/mackenzie7.pdf http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33077903
sameAs	Lange model Lange model Lange model Lange model Lange model Lange model Lange model
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