A learned treatise, in the law of evidence, is a text that is sufficiently authoritative in its field to be admissible as evidence in a court in support of the contentions made therein. Under the common law, such evidence was at one time considered hearsay - a statement made out of court being introduced to prove the truth of the statement - and was not admissible except to rebut the testimony of an opposing expert witness. There were four ways to introduce such evidence:
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| - Learned treatise (en)
- 권위학술서 (ko)
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| - 권위학술서(learned treatise)는 미국의 증거법의 개념으로 법정에서 증거로서 능력을 가질 만한 해당분야에서 충분한 권위와 신뢰도를 가진 학술서적으로 말한다.이해 해당하는 것으로 발표된 논문, 정기간행물, 역사 의학 혹은 다른 과학 혹은 예술의 문제에 대한 소책자에 포함된 진술이나, 반대신문에 있어서 특정한 논문에 대하여 감정증인으로 하여금 주의를 갖도록 한 경우나 직접신문시 감정증인이 의존한 학술적 논문은 전문증거의 예외로서 증거능력이 인정된다. 과거 코먼로 체계에서는 학술서 역시 전문증거로서 증거능력이 제한되었다. 하지만 803(18)에서는 이 제한없이 증거로 사용될 수 있다. 단 전문가 증인이 증인대에 선 상황이고 학술서 자체가 제출되는 것이 아니라 필요한 부분이 배심원에게 읽어주게 된다. (ko)
- A learned treatise, in the law of evidence, is a text that is sufficiently authoritative in its field to be admissible as evidence in a court in support of the contentions made therein. Under the common law, such evidence was at one time considered hearsay - a statement made out of court being introduced to prove the truth of the statement - and was not admissible except to rebut the testimony of an opposing expert witness. There were four ways to introduce such evidence: (en)
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| - A learned treatise, in the law of evidence, is a text that is sufficiently authoritative in its field to be admissible as evidence in a court in support of the contentions made therein. Under the common law, such evidence was at one time considered hearsay - a statement made out of court being introduced to prove the truth of the statement - and was not admissible except to rebut the testimony of an opposing expert witness. There were four ways to introduce such evidence: 1.
* Adduce testimony that the opposing expert witness actually used that text to reach his conclusions; 2.
* Adduce testimony by the opposing expert admitting that the text is an authority in the field; 3.
* Have a friendly expert witness testifying against the opposing expert witness attest to the authoritativeness of the text. 4.
* Have the judge take judicial notice of the text, if it is sufficiently notable that the average person would know that it is an authority (for example, Gray's Anatomy). Under the Federal Rules of Evidence 803 (18), either party can introduce a learned treatise as evidence, irrespective of whether it is being used to rebut the opposing party. Such texts are now considered an exception to hearsay, with two limitations: 1.
* For the learned treatise to be introduced, there must be an expert witness on the stand; 2.
* Like a recorded recollection, the actual learned treatise does not go to the jury, but instead comes into evidence only by being read to the jury. (en)
- 권위학술서(learned treatise)는 미국의 증거법의 개념으로 법정에서 증거로서 능력을 가질 만한 해당분야에서 충분한 권위와 신뢰도를 가진 학술서적으로 말한다.이해 해당하는 것으로 발표된 논문, 정기간행물, 역사 의학 혹은 다른 과학 혹은 예술의 문제에 대한 소책자에 포함된 진술이나, 반대신문에 있어서 특정한 논문에 대하여 감정증인으로 하여금 주의를 갖도록 한 경우나 직접신문시 감정증인이 의존한 학술적 논문은 전문증거의 예외로서 증거능력이 인정된다. 과거 코먼로 체계에서는 학술서 역시 전문증거로서 증거능력이 제한되었다. 하지만 803(18)에서는 이 제한없이 증거로 사용될 수 있다. 단 전문가 증인이 증인대에 선 상황이고 학술서 자체가 제출되는 것이 아니라 필요한 부분이 배심원에게 읽어주게 된다. (ko)
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