| rdfs:comment
| - ليون راي ليفينغستون (بالإنجليزية: Leon Ray Livingston) هو كاتب أمريكي، ولد في 1872 في سان فرانسيسكو في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 8 ديسمبر 1944 في هيوستن في الولايات المتحدة. (ar)
- Leon Ray Livingston (1872–1944) was a famous hobo and author, travelling under the name "A-No.1" and often referred to as "The Rambler." He perfected the hobo symbols system, which let other hobos know where there are generous people, free food, jobs, vicious dogs, and so forth. He was not a poor man; he simply preferred a life of travelling the country by train to sitting at home. In his memoir , Livingston admitted that he was uneducated, but began his self-education at the age of 35. (en)
- Leon Ray Livingston (1872–1944) était un hobo célèbre, voyageant sous le nom de "A-No.1". Il a perfectionné le système de symboles hobo (signes laissés à des endroits stratégiques pour prévenir les autres voyageurs sans-abris des dangers de tel ou tel endroit - policier hostile, chien vicieux, personnes généreuses, etc.). Leon Ray Livingston n'était pas pauvre, il préférait simplement une vie d'errance à travers les États-Unis d'Amérique — surtout en train — à la sédentarité. (fr)
|
| has abstract
| - ليون راي ليفينغستون (بالإنجليزية: Leon Ray Livingston) هو كاتب أمريكي، ولد في 1872 في سان فرانسيسكو في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 8 ديسمبر 1944 في هيوستن في الولايات المتحدة. (ar)
- Leon Ray Livingston (1872–1944) was a famous hobo and author, travelling under the name "A-No.1" and often referred to as "The Rambler." He perfected the hobo symbols system, which let other hobos know where there are generous people, free food, jobs, vicious dogs, and so forth. He was not a poor man; he simply preferred a life of travelling the country by train to sitting at home. In his memoir , Livingston admitted that he was uneducated, but began his self-education at the age of 35. He has been lauded by many American historians as the King of the Hoboes and has followings all over the U.S. Livingston wrote 12 books on travelling the hobo way. His books brought attention not only to the state of the homeless in America, but also to the excitement and benefits of travelling the country for amusement. He lived and published his books in Erie, Pennsylvania, and Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania. He described Cambridge Springs in The Ways of the Hobo as an "idyllic," "delightful" and "charming" summer resort town known for "the medicinal properties of its numberless gushing springs" which he chose as his headquarters to find "a brief respite from the hardships of the Road" after the hobo lifestyle brought him "dangerously close to the verge of a mental and physical collapse." As a result, Cambridge Springs became a "veritable 'Mecca' to chronic hobos." There were many hobos who imitated Livingston and claimed the moniker A-No.-1. Due to this, Livingston was known to travel with a scrapbook of his journeys (which included a personalized note from President William Howard Taft and an autograph from Theodore Roosevelt), copies of his books, and always two $50 bills. In a rarity among hobos of his time, Livingston did not smoke or drink, and was known to always dress well and be exceptionally clean. The year after the death of author Jack London, Livingston published a memoir in which he described their cross-country adventures together during the late 19th century. According to Livingston, the "keen and penetrating" 18-year-old London had tracked him down and was "faithfully acting the role of the dog who adopted his master." The book, titled , became the basis for the movie Emperor of the North Pole (1973), directed by Robert Aldrich. During his later life, he continued to roam the country, but he became a lecturer warning families and children against tramp life. "I began out of necessity, continued because I loved the life, and now because I know nothing else," he said. He died in 1944 in Houston, Texas. While having a grave marked "A-No.1 At rest at last" in a Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania cemetery, his actual body was buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery outside of Erie. (en)
- Leon Ray Livingston (1872–1944) était un hobo célèbre, voyageant sous le nom de "A-No.1". Il a perfectionné le système de symboles hobo (signes laissés à des endroits stratégiques pour prévenir les autres voyageurs sans-abris des dangers de tel ou tel endroit - policier hostile, chien vicieux, personnes généreuses, etc.). Leon Ray Livingston n'était pas pauvre, il préférait simplement une vie d'errance à travers les États-Unis d'Amérique — surtout en train — à la sédentarité. De nombreux historiens américains l'ont proclamé "Roi des hoboes" et encore nombreux sont ces admirateurs aux États-Unis. Livingston a écrit de nombreux ouvrages sur sa vie de nomade (entre autres : Life and Adventures of A-No.1, America's Most Celebrated Tramp) dans lesquels il n'attire pas seulement l'attention sur les conditions de vie des sans-abris en Amérique, mais met aussi en avant l’excitation, les avantages et le plaisir que procurent les déplacements à travers tout le pays.Il a vécu et publié ses livres à Érié (Pennsylvanie), et Cambridge Springs (Pennsylvanie). À la fin de sa vie, alors qu'il continue à parcourir les États-Unis, il tente de dissuader les plus jeunes de suivre son exemple : « J'ai commencé par nécessité, continué parce que j'aimais cette vie, et maintenant, parce que je ne sais rien faire d'autre. »Il est mort en 1944. Sur sa tombe, au cimetière de Cambridge Springs (Pennsylvanie), est écrit : "A-No.1 At rest at last" (A-No 1. Se (re)pose enfin - jeu de mot sur rest : repose et reste. Son corps fut enterré au cimetière de Laurel Hill en dehors d'Erie (Pennsylvanie). (fr)
|
![[RDF Data]](/fct/images/sw-rdf-blue.png)
![[cxml]](/fct/images/cxml_doc.png)
![[csv]](/fct/images/csv_doc.png)
![[text]](/fct/images/ntriples_doc.png)
![[turtle]](/fct/images/n3turtle_doc.png)
![[ld+json]](/fct/images/jsonld_doc.png)
![[rdf+json]](/fct/images/json_doc.png)
![[rdf+xml]](/fct/images/xml_doc.png)
![[atom+xml]](/fct/images/atom_doc.png)
![[html]](/fct/images/html_doc.png)
