rdfs:comment
| - Als finsteres Mittelalter bezeichnet man stark wertend den empfundenen Rückschritt des europäischen Mittelalters. Die Vorstellung des finsteren Mittelalters geht vor allem auf Abgrenzungstendenzen während der Zeit der Renaissance zurück. Das Mittelalter wurde von der latein-dominierten Gelehrtenwelt des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts häufig als „finsteres Zeitalter“ charakterisiert, das es durch eine Rückbesinnung auf Ideale der Antike und der einsetzenden Entwicklung in der beginnenden Neuzeit zu überwinden galt. (de)
- The Middle Ages is a traditional division of Western European history that roughly lasted from the 5th to 15th centuries. After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, civilization in different parts of Western Europe receded at different rates and at different times. Eventually, the Carolingian Empire was established in the 9th century, reuniting much of Western Europe, but this entity itself collapsed and fractured into a number of states. State fragmentation and competition characterized much of the history of medieval Western Europe, and this trend would remain true for a long period of history afterwards. (en)
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has abstract
| - Als finsteres Mittelalter bezeichnet man stark wertend den empfundenen Rückschritt des europäischen Mittelalters. Die Vorstellung des finsteren Mittelalters geht vor allem auf Abgrenzungstendenzen während der Zeit der Renaissance zurück. Das Mittelalter wurde von der latein-dominierten Gelehrtenwelt des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts häufig als „finsteres Zeitalter“ charakterisiert, das es durch eine Rückbesinnung auf Ideale der Antike und der einsetzenden Entwicklung in der beginnenden Neuzeit zu überwinden galt. (de)
- The Middle Ages is a traditional division of Western European history that roughly lasted from the 5th to 15th centuries. After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, civilization in different parts of Western Europe receded at different rates and at different times. Eventually, the Carolingian Empire was established in the 9th century, reuniting much of Western Europe, but this entity itself collapsed and fractured into a number of states. State fragmentation and competition characterized much of the history of medieval Western Europe, and this trend would remain true for a long period of history afterwards. Even as the Middle Ages is increasingly well documented and a number of historians have increasingly focused on writing literature addressing some of the primary misconceptions about medieval history, and as other historians take the alternative approach of highlighting many of the intellectual, scientific, and technological advances that took place during this period, these ideas remain prominent in the public sphere and continue to dominate conceptions about the Middle Ages as a whole. A prominent misconception is related to the Dark Ages itself, a term traditionally used as a synonym for the Middle Ages to emphasize either its barbarity, or its intellectual ignorance, or the supposed lack of sources which this period is thought to be characterized by, although none of these characterizations have withstood scholarly criticism. Critical analysis of the Middle Ages has, instead, revealed it to have been a period of momentous change and, in many areas, tremendous progress. While people traditionally associate the Renaissance with post-medieval intellectual rebirth, the Renaissance is now seen to have initiated in different times in different places across Europe, itself beginning in the Late Middle Ages. Furthermore, a number of periods of intellectual rebirth took place throughout the medieval period, including the Carolingian Renaissance in the 9th century and, more importantly, the 12th century Renaissance. Furthermore, despite some early debates, Christians quickly came to accept and adopt the cultural learning of the Greeks and Romans, and they further decided that philosophy and science were handmaidens and precedents to acts of higher Christian learning. Advances in many fields were made, and among the most critical developments were the rise of the university in the late 12th and 13th centuries out of the prior cathedral schools that had been established during the Carolingian renaissance, which itself was associated with the rise, for the first time in history, of a class of career scholars engaged in the study of philosophy and learning. (en)
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