Liu Shiduan (died 1896) was the founder and leader of the Big Swords Society. It was a martial arts society whose main task was to protect the property of landowners in Caozhou prefecture (southwestern Shandong province) in late Qing China. Because they practiced rituals of invulnerability and because of their anti-Christian activities, Liu's Big Swords are considered precursors of the Boxer Uprising that unfolded in north China from 1899 to 1901.
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| - Liu Shiduan (en)
- 刘士端 (zh)
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| - 刘士端(?-1896年),清朝末年,山东西南曹州府武术团体大刀会的创立者和首领。大刀会以“保卫身家”为宗旨,是义和团前身之一。 刘士端年轻时受过良好教育,考取过秀才。在他三十余岁时,跟随一位游走江湖的武术家学会“金钟罩”的功夫,并聚众授徒,并在1890年代早期组织成立“大刀会”。当地政府尽管视其为异端,但要借助他们平息匪患,便容忍其发展。1896年初,刘士端及其大刀会开始卷入与本地天主教的冲突,政府对其态度开始转变。大刀会在与天主教冲突过程中,纪律涣散,恣意掳掠烧杀,并殃及非教徒的平民。1896年夏,清政府派兵镇压了大刀会,刘士端被抓捕和处决。 (zh)
- Liu Shiduan (died 1896) was the founder and leader of the Big Swords Society. It was a martial arts society whose main task was to protect the property of landowners in Caozhou prefecture (southwestern Shandong province) in late Qing China. Because they practiced rituals of invulnerability and because of their anti-Christian activities, Liu's Big Swords are considered precursors of the Boxer Uprising that unfolded in north China from 1899 to 1901. (en)
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| - Jīnzhōngzhào (en)
- Liú Shìduān (en)
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| - Liu Shiduan (died 1896) was the founder and leader of the Big Swords Society. It was a martial arts society whose main task was to protect the property of landowners in Caozhou prefecture (southwestern Shandong province) in late Qing China. Well educated during his youth, Liu owned about 100 mu of land in a village called Shaobing Liuzhuang. In his thirties, he learned a kung-fu technique of invulnerability called the "" from a visiting martial artist and soon started teaching it to his own disciples. They formed the Big Swords Society in the early 1890s, sometime before 1895. Although the local government was fearful of the heterodox nature of the Golden Bell rituals, it tolerated the Big Swords because they assisted in repressing a wave of banditry in 1895 and 1896. In early 1896, however, Liu and the Big Swords got embroiled in conflicts with local Catholic communities. Liu did not participate actively, but in June 1896 he dispatched one of his lieutenants to northern Jiangsu to help the Pang lineage in their struggle for land against a clan that had joined the Catholic Church for protection. With their ranks swollen by locals who were not members of the Society, Big Swords discipline broke down as they burned the houses of local converts and looted shops that did not belong to Christians. When the local government, led by judicial commissioner Yuxian, moved in to suppress the movement, Liu was arrested and beheaded. Because they practiced rituals of invulnerability and because of their anti-Christian activities, Liu's Big Swords are considered precursors of the Boxer Uprising that unfolded in north China from 1899 to 1901. (en)
- 刘士端(?-1896年),清朝末年,山东西南曹州府武术团体大刀会的创立者和首领。大刀会以“保卫身家”为宗旨,是义和团前身之一。 刘士端年轻时受过良好教育,考取过秀才。在他三十余岁时,跟随一位游走江湖的武术家学会“金钟罩”的功夫,并聚众授徒,并在1890年代早期组织成立“大刀会”。当地政府尽管视其为异端,但要借助他们平息匪患,便容忍其发展。1896年初,刘士端及其大刀会开始卷入与本地天主教的冲突,政府对其态度开始转变。大刀会在与天主教冲突过程中,纪律涣散,恣意掳掠烧杀,并殃及非教徒的平民。1896年夏,清政府派兵镇压了大刀会,刘士端被抓捕和处决。 (zh)
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