The Malaysian Solidarity Convention was a confederation of political parties formed on 9 May 1965 and existing until 9 August to oppose Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia. This article specifically provided special quotas for the Malay and other indigenous peoples of Malaysia in admission to the public service and to public education institutions, and the awarding of public scholarships and trade licences. It also authorised the government to create Malay monopolies in particular trades. Critics have called such affirmative action for the Malays to be racial discrimination against other Malaysian citizens, with the goal of creating ketuanan Melayu (Malay supremacy).
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| - Convención Solidaria de Malasia (es)
- Malaysian Solidarity Convention (en)
- 马来西亚团结大会 (zh)
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| - La Convención Solidaria de Malasia o MCS fue una coalición política informal establecida en Malasia en 1963 por el Partido de Acción Popular de Lee Kuan Yew (cuando Singapur era todavía parte de Malasia) y disuelta en 1965, luego de su derrota en las elecciones de 1964 y la expulsión de Singapur de la Federación el 9 de agosto de 1965. Se oponía firmemente a la implementación del Artículo 153 de la Constitución Federal que otorgaba beneficios para los malayos y otros pueblos indígenas. El MCS afirmaba que el Artículo 153 discriminaba al resto de la población de Malasia y trataba de imponer el Ketuanan Melayu (dominación malaya). (es)
- The Malaysian Solidarity Convention was a confederation of political parties formed on 9 May 1965 and existing until 9 August to oppose Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia. This article specifically provided special quotas for the Malay and other indigenous peoples of Malaysia in admission to the public service and to public education institutions, and the awarding of public scholarships and trade licences. It also authorised the government to create Malay monopolies in particular trades. Critics have called such affirmative action for the Malays to be racial discrimination against other Malaysian citizens, with the goal of creating ketuanan Melayu (Malay supremacy). (en)
- 马来西亚团结大会(Malaysian Solidarity Council,縮寫MSC),又称馬來西亞人民團結總機構,是曾經存在於1965年5月至8月的一個馬來西亞跨黨派政治組織。 1965年5月9日,人民行动党在吉隆坡召开「马来西亚团结大会」,在会上成立了这组织。MSC 成员除了新加坡人民行动党,还有马来半岛及各地的、人民进步党、及等非马来人政党或组织。MSC以“建立一个马来西亚人的马来西亚,而非马来人的马来西亚”为口号,号召马来西亚联邦内的各界人士广泛参与。 出席“马来西亚人民团结机构”代表大会的各党代表:杨国斯(砂人联党)、布马()、杜进才博士(人民行动党)、林苍祐(民主联合党)、D. R.辛尼华沙甘(人民进步党)、林思明(人民行动党)、奥斯曼渥(人民行动党)、梁浩然(砂马真达党)、李炯才(人民行动党)、民联党代表、马力干沙礼(砂人联党)、阿都华合(民联)、巴克(人民行动党)及王邦文(人民行动党)。 马来西亚团结总机构的成立颠覆了联邦政府对于马来人在人口总数上占据优势的信心。一旦马来西亚团结总机构将所有的非马来人团结在一起的话,当前由马来人组成的联邦政府将面临极大的挑战,马来人的特权或许将不复存在。联邦政府感觉到它的权威受到了严重挑战,立即抨击和警告新加坡政府不得干预联邦政府的事物,更不能试图篡夺马来人对于马来西亚的领导权。 (zh)
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| - La Convención Solidaria de Malasia o MCS fue una coalición política informal establecida en Malasia en 1963 por el Partido de Acción Popular de Lee Kuan Yew (cuando Singapur era todavía parte de Malasia) y disuelta en 1965, luego de su derrota en las elecciones de 1964 y la expulsión de Singapur de la Federación el 9 de agosto de 1965. Se oponía firmemente a la implementación del Artículo 153 de la Constitución Federal que otorgaba beneficios para los malayos y otros pueblos indígenas. El MCS afirmaba que el Artículo 153 discriminaba al resto de la población de Malasia y trataba de imponer el Ketuanan Melayu (dominación malaya). El lema de la coalición fue "Malasia Malasia" (es decir Malasia Malaya) refiriéndose a que todos los nacidos en dicha región eran ciudadanos de Malasia y no debía existir ninguna distinción. Estaba compuesto por el PAP, el Partido Progresista Popular (PPP) y el , todos partidos multirraciales. Participó únicamente en las elecciones federales de 1964, donde quedó en cuarto lugar con el 9% de los votos y 4 escaños (17 contando los 13 que el PAP designó en Singapur). Tras la expulsión de Singapur de la Federación, la coalición se disolvió el 9 de agosto de 1965. (es)
- The Malaysian Solidarity Convention was a confederation of political parties formed on 9 May 1965 and existing until 9 August to oppose Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia. This article specifically provided special quotas for the Malay and other indigenous peoples of Malaysia in admission to the public service and to public education institutions, and the awarding of public scholarships and trade licences. It also authorised the government to create Malay monopolies in particular trades. Critics have called such affirmative action for the Malays to be racial discrimination against other Malaysian citizens, with the goal of creating ketuanan Melayu (Malay supremacy). The rallying motto of MSC was Malaysian Malaysia. It was not a mere tautology because it distinguished between nationality and ethnic classification. The complaint was that Malaysia was not being "Malaysian" by discriminating against non-Malay Malaysians, and was rather being a "Malay Malaysia". The MSC functioned as a political bloc which was led by Lee Kuan Yew and the People's Action Party when Singapore was still part of Malaysia. It composed of multi-racial parties such as the PAP, the People's Progressive Party and the United Democratic Party. At the MSC's first and only general meeting, several leaders from these parties gave speeches supporting a Malaysian Malaysia. D. R. Seenivasagam in his speech accused the National Alliance of using Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia to "bully non-Malays". (en)
- 马来西亚团结大会(Malaysian Solidarity Council,縮寫MSC),又称馬來西亞人民團結總機構,是曾經存在於1965年5月至8月的一個馬來西亞跨黨派政治組織。 1965年5月9日,人民行动党在吉隆坡召开「马来西亚团结大会」,在会上成立了这组织。MSC 成员除了新加坡人民行动党,还有马来半岛及各地的、人民进步党、及等非马来人政党或组织。MSC以“建立一个马来西亚人的马来西亚,而非马来人的马来西亚”为口号,号召马来西亚联邦内的各界人士广泛参与。 出席“马来西亚人民团结机构”代表大会的各党代表:杨国斯(砂人联党)、布马()、杜进才博士(人民行动党)、林苍祐(民主联合党)、D. R.辛尼华沙甘(人民进步党)、林思明(人民行动党)、奥斯曼渥(人民行动党)、梁浩然(砂马真达党)、李炯才(人民行动党)、民联党代表、马力干沙礼(砂人联党)、阿都华合(民联)、巴克(人民行动党)及王邦文(人民行动党)。 马来西亚团结总机构的成立颠覆了联邦政府对于马来人在人口总数上占据优势的信心。一旦马来西亚团结总机构将所有的非马来人团结在一起的话,当前由马来人组成的联邦政府将面临极大的挑战,马来人的特权或许将不复存在。联邦政府感觉到它的权威受到了严重挑战,立即抨击和警告新加坡政府不得干预联邦政府的事物,更不能试图篡夺马来人对于马来西亚的领导权。 在马来人激进的政治压力下,马来民族统一机构领导人认为只有让新加坡退出联邦,才能从根本上解决这一矛盾。终于,在1965年8月9日,新加坡政府被逐出马来西亚联邦。 (zh)
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