Mary Thomas, known as Queen Mary, (ca. 1848–1905) was one of the leaders of the 1878 "Fireburn" labor riot, or uprising, on the island of St. Croix in the Danish West Indies. Mary Thomas was from Antigua and arrived in St. Croix in the 1860s to take work on the plantations in the island. In 1878 she resided at the Sprat Hall plantation. She had three children but never married. Before the uprising, she had been sentenced for theft and for mistreating her children. Historians have suggested that such sentences were used by the authorities to discredit people who opposed the authorities.
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| - Mary Thomas (de)
- Mary Thomas (it)
- Mary Thomas (fr)
- Mary Thomas (labor leader) (en)
- Mary Thomas (sv)
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| - Mary Thomas, besser bekannt als Queen Mary (* um 1848 in Antigua, Kleine Antillen; † 1905 auf Saint Croix), war Plantagenarbeiterin und eine der Anführerinnen des sogenannten Fireburn-Aufstandes auf der Insel St. Croix (Dänisch-Westindien). (de)
- Mary Thomas (vers 1848 - 1905), connue sous le nom de Queen Mary, fut l'une des dirigeantes des émeutes de « Fireburn » de 1878 sur l'île de Sainte-Croix dans les Antilles danoises. (fr)
- Mary Thomas (Antigua, 1848 – Christiansted, 1905) è stata una sindacalista e attivista danese, di estrazione proletaria. È conosciuta anche come Queen Mary, una delle tre regine di St. Croix che nel 1878 guidarono la rivolta sindacale Fireburn su quest'isola delle Indie occidentali danesi. (it)
- Mary Thomas, känd som Queen Mary, född ca 1848, död 1905, var en av ledarna i arbetarupproret 1878 på Saint Croix. Mary Thomas var från Antigua och anlände till Saint Croix på 1860-talet för att ta arbete på plantagerna där. När upproret började 1878 bodde hon vid Sprat Hall-plantagen. Efter upproret dömdes Mary Thomas till fängelse. Hon avtjänade delar av sitt straff i Danmark. 2018 gjorde konstnärerna Jeannette Ehlers och La Vaughn Belle en staty av Mary Thomas, med namnet "I am Queen Mary", vilken var den första offentliga statyn av en svart kvinna i Danmark. (sv)
- Mary Thomas, known as Queen Mary, (ca. 1848–1905) was one of the leaders of the 1878 "Fireburn" labor riot, or uprising, on the island of St. Croix in the Danish West Indies. Mary Thomas was from Antigua and arrived in St. Croix in the 1860s to take work on the plantations in the island. In 1878 she resided at the Sprat Hall plantation. She had three children but never married. Before the uprising, she had been sentenced for theft and for mistreating her children. Historians have suggested that such sentences were used by the authorities to discredit people who opposed the authorities. (en)
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| - Queen Mary Thomas, depicted wielding a torch and cane knife, in Charles E. Taylor's "Leaflets from the Danish West Indies" (en)
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| - led 1878 St. Croix labor riot (en)
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| - Mary Thomas, besser bekannt als Queen Mary (* um 1848 in Antigua, Kleine Antillen; † 1905 auf Saint Croix), war Plantagenarbeiterin und eine der Anführerinnen des sogenannten Fireburn-Aufstandes auf der Insel St. Croix (Dänisch-Westindien). (de)
- Mary Thomas, known as Queen Mary, (ca. 1848–1905) was one of the leaders of the 1878 "Fireburn" labor riot, or uprising, on the island of St. Croix in the Danish West Indies. Mary Thomas was from Antigua and arrived in St. Croix in the 1860s to take work on the plantations in the island. In 1878 she resided at the Sprat Hall plantation. She had three children but never married. Before the uprising, she had been sentenced for theft and for mistreating her children. Historians have suggested that such sentences were used by the authorities to discredit people who opposed the authorities. After the 1848 emancipation of enslaved Africans in the Danish West Indies, an 1849 labor law fixed salaries and labor conditions for all plantation workers and prohibited bargaining for better wages or work conditions. This made plantation work unattractive, and many workers opted to leave the plantations and the islands to seek better conditions elsewhere. The government reacted to the labor shortage by making it harder to for workers to leave the islands, demanding health certificates and charging fees for passports. When wages were to be negotiated in the fall of 1878, the workers' demands were denied, and new harsh conditions for traveling were imposed. This sparked the so-called Fireburn riots, which have been called the largest labor riot in Danish history, during which more than 50 plantations were burned. Because of her role as a leader during the uprising, Mary Thomas came to be known as "Queen Mary". The workers chose her and two other women, "Queen Agnes" and "Queen Matilda", as queens to perform ritual and celebratory functions during the uprising. Thomas played a leading role and referred to herself as a "captain" in the rebellion. Allegedly, during one the uprisings Thomas had called for those unwilling to participate to be decapitated. She was arrested and tried with other leaders of the labor uprising. During the trial of the labor leaders she gave witness testimony against another leader, Thomas Graydon, also known as "Colonel Peter", who was sentenced to death. Mary Thomas was also sentenced to death for arson and looting but had her sentence commuted to life imprisonment. She was transferred to Copenhagen and placed at Women's Prison, Christianshavn, in 1882, but in 1887 she was sent back to Christiansted, St. Croix, to serve the remainder of her sentence. (en)
- Mary Thomas (vers 1848 - 1905), connue sous le nom de Queen Mary, fut l'une des dirigeantes des émeutes de « Fireburn » de 1878 sur l'île de Sainte-Croix dans les Antilles danoises. (fr)
- Mary Thomas (Antigua, 1848 – Christiansted, 1905) è stata una sindacalista e attivista danese, di estrazione proletaria. È conosciuta anche come Queen Mary, una delle tre regine di St. Croix che nel 1878 guidarono la rivolta sindacale Fireburn su quest'isola delle Indie occidentali danesi. (it)
- Mary Thomas, känd som Queen Mary, född ca 1848, död 1905, var en av ledarna i arbetarupproret 1878 på Saint Croix. Mary Thomas var från Antigua och anlände till Saint Croix på 1860-talet för att ta arbete på plantagerna där. När upproret började 1878 bodde hon vid Sprat Hall-plantagen. Efter upproret dömdes Mary Thomas till fängelse. Hon avtjänade delar av sitt straff i Danmark. 2018 gjorde konstnärerna Jeannette Ehlers och La Vaughn Belle en staty av Mary Thomas, med namnet "I am Queen Mary", vilken var den första offentliga statyn av en svart kvinna i Danmark. (sv)
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