Melville Judson Salter (born Sardinia, New York, June 20, 1834; died Pawnee Station, Kansas, March 12, 1896) was a politician and civic leader who was twice elected the eighth Lieutenant Governor of Kansas serving under Governor Thomas A. Osborn. Salter served on the Board of Trustees of the Kansas State Agricultural College (now Kansas State University) from 1875 to 1880, and served as the chairman for four years.