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| - El terme institució de la memòria, sovint anomenat col·lectivament com a "institucions de la memòria", és un terme col·lectiu per a les institucions que preserven i transmeten els coneixements. Es tracta, en particular de les biblioteques, els museus i els arxius. Per referir-se a elles s'aplica sovint el terme GLAM, format a partir de les paraules angleses «galleries, libraries, archives, and museums» («pinacoteques, biblioteques, arxius i museus»). El terme fou introduït per Lorcan Dempsey en 1999, passant a ser usat habitualment en Biblioteconomia i Documentació. (ca)
- Gedächtnisinstitution (auch Gedächtnisorganisation) ist ein Sammelbegriff für Institutionen, die Wissen bewahren und vermitteln. Dazu zählen insbesondere Bibliotheken, Museen und Archive. Der Begriff wurde im Rahmen der Langzeitarchivierung und Zugänglichmachung insbesondere digitaler Informationen geprägt. Trotz großer Unterschiede in Ort und Organisationsform sowie im aufbewahrten Wissen stehen die Gedächtnisinstitutionen dabei ähnlichen Problemen in Bezug auf Technik, Finanzierung und Urheberrecht gegenüber. Auch aus Sicht der Benutzer von digitalen Angeboten von Gedächtnisinstitutionen ist es unerheblich, wo sich die abgerufenen Informationen ursprünglich befanden. (de)
- A memory institution is an organization maintaining a repository of public knowledge, a generic term used about institutions such as libraries, archives, heritage (monuments & sites) institutions, aquaria and arboreta, and zoological and botanical gardens, as well as providers of digital libraries and data aggregation services which serve as memories for given societies or mankind. Memory institutions serve the purpose of documenting, contextualizing, preserving and indexing elements of human culture and collective memory. These institutions allow and enable society to better understand themselves, their past, and how the past impacts their future. These repositories are ultimately preservers of communities, languages, cultures, customs, tribes, and individuality. Memory institutions are (en)
- A memória institucional é uma organização que mantém um repositório de conhecimento público, um termo genérico usado sobre instituições como bibliotecas, arquivos, museus, registros de locais e monumentos (SMR), câmaras de compensação, provedores de bibliotecas digitais e serviços de agregação de dados que servem como memórias para as sociedades ou a humanidade. Cada vez mais essas instituições são consideradas parte de uma perspectiva unificada de documentação / Ciência da informação . (pt)
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| - El terme institució de la memòria, sovint anomenat col·lectivament com a "institucions de la memòria", és un terme col·lectiu per a les institucions que preserven i transmeten els coneixements. Es tracta, en particular de les biblioteques, els museus i els arxius. Per referir-se a elles s'aplica sovint el terme GLAM, format a partir de les paraules angleses «galleries, libraries, archives, and museums» («pinacoteques, biblioteques, arxius i museus»). El terme fou introduït per Lorcan Dempsey en 1999, passant a ser usat habitualment en Biblioteconomia i Documentació. El terme va ser encunyat en un principi per referir-se a la informació digital en el context d'arxiu a llarg termini i la posada a disposició del públic. Tot i les grans diferències en la ubicació i la forma d'organització i el coneixement emmagatzemat, les institucions de la memòria s'enfronten a problemes similars en termes de tecnologia, finançament i drets d'autor. Des de la perspectiva dels usuaris d'ofertes digitals d'institucions del patrimoni cultural, és irrellevant on es trobava originalment la informació recuperada. Diversos autors entenen que les institucions de la memòria van més enllà de les tradicionalment anomenades com a tals (arxius, biblioteques i museus). (ca)
- Gedächtnisinstitution (auch Gedächtnisorganisation) ist ein Sammelbegriff für Institutionen, die Wissen bewahren und vermitteln. Dazu zählen insbesondere Bibliotheken, Museen und Archive. Der Begriff wurde im Rahmen der Langzeitarchivierung und Zugänglichmachung insbesondere digitaler Informationen geprägt. Trotz großer Unterschiede in Ort und Organisationsform sowie im aufbewahrten Wissen stehen die Gedächtnisinstitutionen dabei ähnlichen Problemen in Bezug auf Technik, Finanzierung und Urheberrecht gegenüber. Auch aus Sicht der Benutzer von digitalen Angeboten von Gedächtnisinstitutionen ist es unerheblich, wo sich die abgerufenen Informationen ursprünglich befanden. In der Schweiz zählten 2008 aus Sicht des Bundesamts für Kultur das Bundesarchiv, die Nationalbibliothek und das Landesmuseum zu den Gedächtnisinstitutionen des Bundes. Den Umgang mit der digitalen Herausforderung („Memopolitik“) dieser und anderer Schweizerischer Gedächtnisinstitutionen auf föderaler Ebene könne der Bund zwar nicht regeln, aber er müsse die Verantwortung für deren Befähigung dazu übernehmen. (de)
- A memory institution is an organization maintaining a repository of public knowledge, a generic term used about institutions such as libraries, archives, heritage (monuments & sites) institutions, aquaria and arboreta, and zoological and botanical gardens, as well as providers of digital libraries and data aggregation services which serve as memories for given societies or mankind. Memory institutions serve the purpose of documenting, contextualizing, preserving and indexing elements of human culture and collective memory. These institutions allow and enable society to better understand themselves, their past, and how the past impacts their future. These repositories are ultimately preservers of communities, languages, cultures, customs, tribes, and individuality. Memory institutions are repositories of knowledge, while also being actors of the transitions of knowledge and memory to the community. These institutions ultimately remain some form of collective memory. Increasingly such institutions are considered as a part of a unified documentation and information science perspective. Archives are repositories that collect, organize, preserve, and allow for access to the institution’s primary source materials which include letters, reports, accounts, minute books, photographs, and manuscripts of the government, businesses, and members of the community. Most archival collections include permanent and valuable records of historical and evidential value. Archives fall in line with memory institutions because they provide surrogates for collective human memory. Archives collect materials to help communities, institutions, nations to better understand themselves, their past, understand the present and prepare for the future. Libraries are defined as a collection of resources that are made available to the community in the form of print materials such as books and periodicals by information professionals. Beyond books and periodicals, libraries also offer a variety of services and programs to the community in which they serve with the goal of educating and advancing society. Museums are a place where objects that contain permanent historical and cultural value such as works of art, three-dimensional objects, and scientific specimens. Museum can be characterized as historical, scientific, art institutions, heritage institutions, aquaria and arboreta, and zoological and botanical gardens. Lorcan Dempsey may have introduced the term into popular use in library and information science, although others, such as Joan Schwarz, used it earlier. It also appeared in a 1972 report to the Council on Library Resources. Helena Robinson (2012) criticized the term when she wrote, "[r]ather than revealing the essential affiliation between museums, libraries and archives, their sweeping classification as 'memory institutions' in the public sector and the academy oversimplifies the concept of memory, and marginalises domain-specific approaches to the cataloguing, description, interpretation and deployment of collections that lead museums, libraries and archives to engage with history, meaning and memory in significantly different ways." (en)
- A memória institucional é uma organização que mantém um repositório de conhecimento público, um termo genérico usado sobre instituições como bibliotecas, arquivos, museus, registros de locais e monumentos (SMR), câmaras de compensação, provedores de bibliotecas digitais e serviços de agregação de dados que servem como memórias para as sociedades ou a humanidade. Cada vez mais essas instituições são consideradas parte de uma perspectiva unificada de documentação / Ciência da informação . pode ter introduzido o termo em uso popularmente utilizado nas áreas de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da informação, [1] embora outros autores, como Joan Schwarz, o usassem anteriormente. [2] Ele também apareceu em um relatório de 1972 para o Conselho de Biblioteca e Recursos de Informação que é uma organização independente e sem fins lucrativos americana. Helena Robinson (2012) criticou o termo quando escreveu, "ao invés de revelar a afiliação essencial entre museus, bibliotecas e arquivos, sua classificação abrangente como 'instituições de memória' no setor público e na academia simplifica o conceito de memória, e marginaliza abordagens específicas de domínio para a catalogação, descrição, interpretação e implantação de coleções que levam os museus, bibliotecas e arquivos a se envolverem com a História, o significado e a memória de maneiras significativamente diferentes. " (pt)
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