The Mockingboard (a pun on "Mockingbird") is a sound card for the Apple II series of microcomputers built by Sweet Micro Systems, which improve on the Apple II's limited sound capabilities. In 1981, Sweet Micro Systems began designing products not only for creating music, but speech and general sound effects as well, culminating in the release of the Mockingboard in 1983. The Mockingboard's hardware allowed programmers to create complex, high-quality sound without need for constant CPU attention. The Mockingboard could be connected to the Apple's built-in speaker or to external speakers. However, as the quality of the built-in speaker was not high, the instruction manual recommended obtaining external speakers.
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| - Mockingboard (de)
- Mockingboard (en)
- 머킹보드 (ko)
- Mockingboard (nl)
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| - Die Soundkarte Mockingboard (Wortspiel mit dem englischen „mockingbird“ – Spottdrossel) war eine Erweiterungskarte der Firma Sweet Micro Systems für den Heimcomputer Apple II bzw. Apple IIc und eine der weltweit ersten Soundkarten für Privatanwender überhaupt. Sie wurde in verschiedenen Varianten verkauft; die Standardvariante bot sechsstimmige Soundsynthese und ließ sich um eine Sprachsynthese-Erweiterung aufrüsten. (de)
- The Mockingboard (a pun on "Mockingbird") is a sound card for the Apple II series of microcomputers built by Sweet Micro Systems, which improve on the Apple II's limited sound capabilities. In 1981, Sweet Micro Systems began designing products not only for creating music, but speech and general sound effects as well, culminating in the release of the Mockingboard in 1983. The Mockingboard's hardware allowed programmers to create complex, high-quality sound without need for constant CPU attention. The Mockingboard could be connected to the Apple's built-in speaker or to external speakers. However, as the quality of the built-in speaker was not high, the instruction manual recommended obtaining external speakers. (en)
- 머킹보드(Mockingboard)는 스윗 마이크로 시스템즈(Sweet Micro Systems)에서 제작한 애플 II용 사운드 카드이다. 경쟁 기종인 MSX나 SPC-1000 등이 여러 채널의 사운드 기능을 가지고 있던 반면 애플 II는 비프음의 빈약한 사운드 기능을 가지고 있을 뿐이었다. 애플 IIGS를 제외한 모든 애플 II는 프로그래머가 한음씩 스피커로 전송하는 방법으로 소리를 냈는데 복합 사운드를 내기는 매우 어려웠으며 다른 작업과 동시에 하는 것은 거의 불가능했다. 머킹보드는 프로그래머가 지속적으로 CPU를 사용하지 않고도 고음질의 복합 사운드를 출력할 수 있게 하였다. 머킹보드는 애플의 내장 스피커를 사용하지 않고 외부 스피커를 사용하였다. 머킹보드는 애플 II, 애플 II 플러스, 등에 사용 가능한 다양한 모델이 있으며 전용 모델도 있다. 사운드는 1개나 2개의 AY-3-8910이나 그 호환 칩에서 생성되는데 하나의 칩에서 3채널 사운드를 생성할 수 있다. 또 선택적으로 Votrax SC-01이나 그 호환칩을 장착하여 음성을 출력할 수도 있다. (ko)
- De Mockingboard was een geluidskaart voor de Apple II-microcomputerfamilie, gemaakt door . De standaard Apple II-machines hadden nooit echt goed geluid, zeker niet in vergelijking met concurrenten zoals de Commodore 64 met SID-chip. Met uitzondering van de Apple_IIGS, kon een Apple II-programmeur enkel klikken zenden naar de speaker. De Mockingboard liet programmeurs toe om complex, hoog-kwalitatief geluid te verzenden via zijn gespecialiseerde hardware. De Mockingboard vereiste externe luidsprekers en kon dus geen gebruik maken van Apples ingebouwde speakers. (nl)
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| - Die Soundkarte Mockingboard (Wortspiel mit dem englischen „mockingbird“ – Spottdrossel) war eine Erweiterungskarte der Firma Sweet Micro Systems für den Heimcomputer Apple II bzw. Apple IIc und eine der weltweit ersten Soundkarten für Privatanwender überhaupt. Sie wurde in verschiedenen Varianten verkauft; die Standardvariante bot sechsstimmige Soundsynthese und ließ sich um eine Sprachsynthese-Erweiterung aufrüsten. Der Apple II verfügte von Haus aus nur über sehr beschränkte Möglichkeiten zur Sound-Ausgabe. Seine Soundschnittstelle bestand aus einem eingebauten Lautsprecher, dessen Membran per Software-Zugriff auf eine bestimmte Hardware-Adresse zwischen zwei räumlichen Positionen hin- und hergeschaltet werden konnte – im Wesentlichen entsprach das einer noch primitiveren Variante des späteren IBM-PC-Systemlautsprechers. Über geeignete Programme konnte dieser Ausgang in den gewünschten Frequenzen umgeschaltet werden und so Töne ausgeben. Allerdings besaß der Apple II keine programmierbaren Frequenzgeneratoren, Timer oder Interruptquellen, die CPU musste sich daher um die gesamte Tonerzeugung kümmern – was Soundprogramme sehr kompliziert machte und die Ausführung anderer Aufgaben (etwa die Änderung des dargestellten Bildschirminhalts) während einer Tonausgabe praktisch verhinderte. (de)
- The Mockingboard (a pun on "Mockingbird") is a sound card for the Apple II series of microcomputers built by Sweet Micro Systems, which improve on the Apple II's limited sound capabilities. In 1981, Sweet Micro Systems began designing products not only for creating music, but speech and general sound effects as well, culminating in the release of the Mockingboard in 1983. The Mockingboard's hardware allowed programmers to create complex, high-quality sound without need for constant CPU attention. The Mockingboard could be connected to the Apple's built-in speaker or to external speakers. However, as the quality of the built-in speaker was not high, the instruction manual recommended obtaining external speakers. The Mockingboard was available in various models for either the slot-based Apple II / Apple II Plus / Apple IIe systems or in one special model for the Apple IIc. Sound was generated through one or more AY-3-8910 or compatible sound chips, with one chip offering three square-wave synthesis channels. The boards could also be equipped with an optional speech chip (a Votrax SC-01 or compatible chips such as the Arctic-02, SSI 263P, SSI 263AP or 78A263A-P). Some software products supported more than one Mockingboard. Ultima V supported two boards, for a total of 12 voices, of which it used eight. Most other programs supported at most one board with six voices. Applied Engineering's Phasor was compatible with the Mockingboard. It had 4 sound chips and thus provided 12 audio channels. Few programs supported using it for more than six voices, however. An IBM PC-compatible version was developed, but was only distributed with Bank Street Music Writer. (en)
- 머킹보드(Mockingboard)는 스윗 마이크로 시스템즈(Sweet Micro Systems)에서 제작한 애플 II용 사운드 카드이다. 경쟁 기종인 MSX나 SPC-1000 등이 여러 채널의 사운드 기능을 가지고 있던 반면 애플 II는 비프음의 빈약한 사운드 기능을 가지고 있을 뿐이었다. 애플 IIGS를 제외한 모든 애플 II는 프로그래머가 한음씩 스피커로 전송하는 방법으로 소리를 냈는데 복합 사운드를 내기는 매우 어려웠으며 다른 작업과 동시에 하는 것은 거의 불가능했다. 머킹보드는 프로그래머가 지속적으로 CPU를 사용하지 않고도 고음질의 복합 사운드를 출력할 수 있게 하였다. 머킹보드는 애플의 내장 스피커를 사용하지 않고 외부 스피커를 사용하였다. 머킹보드는 애플 II, 애플 II 플러스, 등에 사용 가능한 다양한 모델이 있으며 전용 모델도 있다. 사운드는 1개나 2개의 AY-3-8910이나 그 호환 칩에서 생성되는데 하나의 칩에서 3채널 사운드를 생성할 수 있다. 또 선택적으로 Votrax SC-01이나 그 호환칩을 장착하여 음성을 출력할 수도 있다. 어떤 소프트웨어는 하나 이상의 머킹보드를 지원하기도 했다. 는 2개의 보드를 지원하는데 총 12 화음 중 8화음을 사용한다. 그러나 대부분의 다른 프로그램들은 하나의 보드에 6화음을 지원했다. 어플라이드 엔지니어링(Applied Engineering)의 머킹보드 호환 사운드 카드 페이저(Phasor)는 4개의 사운드 칩을 사용해 12 채널의 사운드를 출력할 수 있다. 몇 가지 프로그램은 이 카드를 지원하며 6채널 이상을 사용할 수 있다. 애플 II 레트로컴퓨팅(retrocomputing) 하드웨어 회사인 ReactiveMicro.com에서는 2005년부터 머킹보드 호환품을 판매하고 있는데 머킹보드의 원형을 제대로 복원했다는 평을 듣고 있다. (ko)
- De Mockingboard was een geluidskaart voor de Apple II-microcomputerfamilie, gemaakt door . De standaard Apple II-machines hadden nooit echt goed geluid, zeker niet in vergelijking met concurrenten zoals de Commodore 64 met SID-chip. Met uitzondering van de Apple_IIGS, kon een Apple II-programmeur enkel klikken zenden naar de speaker. De Mockingboard liet programmeurs toe om complex, hoog-kwalitatief geluid te verzenden via zijn gespecialiseerde hardware. De Mockingboard vereiste externe luidsprekers en kon dus geen gebruik maken van Apples ingebouwde speakers. De Mockingboard was in verschillende modellen beschikbaar, ofwel voor de slot-gebaseerde Apple II / Apple II Plus / Apple IIe-systemen of in een speciaal model voor de Apple IIc. Geluid werd gegenereerd door één of meer AY-3-8910 of compatibele geluidschips, waarbij één chip drie blokgolfsynthesekanalen bood. De borden konden ook met een optionele spraakchip uitgerust worden (een Votrax SC-01 of compatibele). Sommige softwareproducten ondersteunden meer dan één Mockingboard. Ultima V ondersteunde bijvoorbeeld twee borden, voor 12 stemmen in totaal. Applied Engineering had een geluidskaart die compatibel was met de Mockingboard, namelijk de . Deze had vier geluidschips en bood dus 12 audiokanalen. (nl)
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