About: National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius

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National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 (2012), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in which the Court upheld Congress's power to enact most provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), commonly called Obamacare, and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (HCERA), including a requirement for most Americans to pay a penalty for forgoing health insurance by 2014. The Acts represented a major set of changes to the American health care system that had been the subject of highly contentious debate, largely divided on political party lines.

Attributes	Values
rdf:type	Thing case Legal Case unit of work Legal case yago:WikicatUnitedStatesSupremeCourtCases yago:WikicatUnitedStatesSupremeCourtCasesOfTheRobertsCourt yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Case107308889 yago:Event100029378 yago:Happening107283608 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity Supreme Court of the United States case
rdfs:label	National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (en) National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (de) 全国独立企业联盟诉西贝利厄斯案 (zh)
rdfs:comment	National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius war ein Gerichtsfall, der vor dem Obersten Gerichtshof der Vereinigten Staaten verhandelt wurde. Das Urteil hatte große politische Tragweite, weil der Gerichtshof die umstrittene Gesundheitsreform von Präsident Barack Obama von 2010 in ihren Grundzügen als verfassungsmäßig erachtete. (de) 全国独立企业联盟诉西贝利厄斯案（National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius，567 U.S. ___ (2012)）是美国联邦最高法院的一个案例，该案的判决支持了患者保护与平价医疗法案的大部分条款。 2010年3月平价医疗法案经美国总统贝拉克·奥巴马签署后生效。此后，一些组织认为这一法案的许多条款违宪，故向联邦法院提出起诉。最终这些案件合并为一，名为“全国独立企业联盟诉西贝利厄斯案”。 2012年6月28日联邦最高法院以5:4作出判决，支持了平价医疗法案的主要内容。首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨与四位自由派大法官支持这一意见，除罗伯茨外的三位保守派大法官以及中间派大法官安东尼·肯尼迪则持反对意见。法院意见由首席大法官罗伯茨撰写。平价医疗法案的核心条款强制几乎所有美国公民购买医疗保险，否则需要缴纳罚款。针对这一条款，法院意见认为，政府提出的法案授权自宪法中州际商业条款等说法不合理。但同时法院意见认为罚款可以视作一种税收，因而符合国会对于征税的授权。此外，法院还对法案的一个条款提出了异议。根据该条款，联邦政府要求各州扩大联邦医疗补助（Medicaid）的覆盖面，如果某一州拒绝配合，联邦政府将截留相应的拨款。法院认为联邦截留款项的行为是违宪的。 (zh) National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 (2012), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in which the Court upheld Congress's power to enact most provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), commonly called Obamacare, and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (HCERA), including a requirement for most Americans to pay a penalty for forgoing health insurance by 2014. The Acts represented a major set of changes to the American health care system that had been the subject of highly contentious debate, largely divided on political party lines. (en)
foaf:name	(en) National Federation of Independent Business, et al. v.Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services, et al.; Department of Health and Human Services, et al. v. Florida, et al.; Florida, et al. v. Department of Health and Human Services, et al. (en)
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	Articles containing video clips United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court United States Commerce Clause case law United States Constitution Article One case law 2012 in United States case law Taxing and Spending Clause case law Affordable Care Act lawsuits
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Wikipage revision ID	1110132574 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	California v. Texas Amicus curiae Presidency of George W. Bush President of the United States Roger Vinson Samuel Bagenstos En banc F. Supp. 2d National Federation of Independent Business Bill Clinton Anti-Injunction Act John Roberts Jones Day Paul Clement United States Congress United States Department of Health and Human Services United States Statutes at Large United States Supreme Court United States v. Morrison University of Denver Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Virginia Individual mandate Injunction Internal Revenue Code Jan Crawford List of landmark court decisions in the United States 11th Cir. Articles containing video clips United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court Covington & Burling SCOTUSblog Edward Kennedy Edwin Kneedler Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution George W. Bush Gonzales v. Raich Mitch McConnell Mitt Romney Nancy Pelosi Bloomberg BNA Constitutionality The New York Times Origination Clause 2011 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States Commerce Clause Sovereignty Medicaid Barack Obama United States Commerce Clause case law United States Constitution Article One case law CCH (company) CNN Adam Liptak 2012 in United States case law Tom Goldstein U.S. state Wickard v. Filburn Health care reform debate in the United States Fairleigh Dickinson University Federalism in the United States Florida Fox News Direct tax Eastern Daylight Time

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