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| - Noel Anthony Clark (* 17. Dezember 1940 in Cleveland, Ohio) ist ein US-amerikanischer Physiker und Hochschullehrer an der University of Colorado. Clark studierte an der John Carroll University mit dem Bachelor-Abschluss 1963 und dem Master-Abschluss 1965 und wurde 1970 am Massachusetts Institute of Technology bei promoviert. Als Post-Doktorand war er an der Harvard University. 1973 wurde er Assistant Professor und 1981 Professor an der University of Colorado. Dort leitet er das Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center (später Soft Materials Research Center). Er befasst sich mit weicher Festkörperphysik, insbesondere Flüssigkristallen und anderen komplexen Flüssigkeiten (wie Kolloide), Struktur von Flüssigkeiten und Schmelzvorgängen (deren Natur er als Kondensationsvorgang gebrochener Bindungen beschrieb) und Biophysik (Biomembranen). Er untersuchte dünne Filme von Flüssigkristallen und ferroelektrische Flüssigkristalle, die exotischen Phasen gebildet von bananenförmigen Molekülen und der dabei beobachteten Wechselwirkung von Polarität und Chiralität, chiralen Phasen von achiralen Molekülen und Flüssigkristalle aus Nukleinsäuren. Seine Gruppe untersuchte auch zweidimensionale Proteinkristalle als Masken und Template für die Herstellung von Nanostrukturen. 1984 war er einer der Gründer von Displaytech, die Materialien und Geräte mit ferroelektrischen Flüssigkristallen herstellen. Er war ein Pionier in der Entwicklung elektrooptischer Anwendungen von Flüssigkristallen, insbesondere der Verwendung von ferroelektrischen Flüssigkristallen für bistabile, schnell umschaltbare Lichtventile (Light Valves). Sie werden unter anderem in Optischen Rechnern angewandt. 2006 erhielt er mit Robert B. Meyer den Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize für grundlegende theoretische und experimentelle Studien zu Flüssigkristallen, insbesondere deren ferroelektrische und chirale Eigenschaften (Laudatio). Er ist Fellow der American Physical Society und der American Association for the Advancement of Science, seit 2007 ist er Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences. 1985/86 war er Guggenheim Fellow und er erhielt einen Humboldt-Forschungspreis. (de)
- Noel Anthony Clark (born 17 December 1940 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American physicist, university professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, and pioneer in the development of electro-optical applications of liquid crystals. Clark graduated from John Carroll University with a bachelor's degree in 1963 and a master's degree in 1965. He received his doctorate from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1970 under George Benedek. At Harvard University, Clark was a postdoc from 1970 to 1973 and an assistant professor from 1973 to 1977. At the University of Colorado he became an associate professor in 1977 and a full professor in 1981. There he heads the Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center (later Soft Materials Research Center). In 1984, he was one of the founders of Displaytech, Inc., manufacturing color TFN modules, monochrome graphic displays, and segmented TN LCDs. Clark has worked in many areas in soft condensed matter and complex fluid physics, including liquid crystals, colloidal liquids and crystals, liquid structure and melting, and biophysics. His liquid crystal research has focused on the use of ultrathin freely-suspended films to study the effects of interfacial confinement and low dimensionality on phase behavior, and on liquid crystal electro-optics, in particular the physics and applications of ferroelectric liquid crystals. His current interests are in liquid crystals of nucleic acids and in the exotic soft phases formed by banana-shaped molecules, especially their interplay of polarity and chirality, and the appearance of macroscopic chiral phases in fluids of achiral molecules. Professor Clark's group has pioneered a major new liquid crystal electro-optic technology, employing ferroelectric liquid crystals to make high-speed bistable light valves. These devices, which can be configured into linear and matrix arrays, are of particular use in optical computing and are one of the principal technologies to be developed in the Center for Optoelectronic Computing Systems at the University of Colorado. Recently the group has begun a new project on fabrication of structures on a nanometer length scale. This work, which grew out of their research on biomembrane liquid crystals, is directed toward using two-dimensional protein crystals as fabrication masks and templates. In 2006 he received, jointly with Robert B. Meyer, the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize for basic theoretical and experimental studies on liquid crystals, in particular their ferroelectric and chiral properties (laudatio). He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1984 and the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2000. Since 2007 he is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1985/86 and received a Humboldt Research Award. (en)
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