Some interpretations of quantum mechanics posit a central role for an observer of a quantum phenomenon. The quantum mechanical observer is tied to the issue of observer effect, where a measurement necessarily requires interacting with the physical object being measured, affecting its properties through the interaction. The term "observable" has gained a technical meaning, denoting a Hermitian operator that represents a measurement. Niels Bohr, also a founder of the Copenhagen interpretation, wrote: Likewise, Asher Peres stated that "observers" in quantum physics are
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| - الملاحظ (الفيزياء الكمية) (ar)
- Observer (quantum physics) (en)
- Observador (física quântica) (pt)
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| - Na mecânica quântica, é um observador qualquer aparelho de medição quântica que pode fazer medição na mecânica quântica. Há um equívoco comum de que é somente a mente de um observador consciente que causa o efeito observador em processos quânticos. Esse erro está enraizado em um mal-entendido da função de onda quântica ψ e do processo de medição quântica. (pt)
- في ميكانيكا الكم، «الملاحظة» هي مرادفة للقياس الكمي والملاحظ أو المراقب هو من يقوم بعملية القياس. وبالتالي لا يتعين على المراقب في الميكانيكا الكمومية أن يعرض أو يحل أي مشاكل بالإضافة إلى مسألة القياس في ميكانيكا الكم. يرتبط المراقب ارتباطًا وثيقًا بقضية تأثير المراقب، حيث يتغير حاصل الملاحظة بحسب فعل الملاحظة ذاته. ويعبر عن هذا الوضع بدالة موجية.كما أن عدد من التفسيرات الدينية أو الفلسفية الحديثة لميكانيكا الكم، ولا سيما " "، يمنح المراقب دورًا خاصًا، أو يضع قيودًا على من يمكن أن يكون مراقبًا أو ما يمكن أن يكون. لا يوجد بحث موثوق به «يستعرضه الأقران» يدعم مثل هذه الادعاءات. كمثال على هذه الادعاءات، كتب فريتيوف كابرا: (ar)
- Some interpretations of quantum mechanics posit a central role for an observer of a quantum phenomenon. The quantum mechanical observer is tied to the issue of observer effect, where a measurement necessarily requires interacting with the physical object being measured, affecting its properties through the interaction. The term "observable" has gained a technical meaning, denoting a Hermitian operator that represents a measurement. Niels Bohr, also a founder of the Copenhagen interpretation, wrote: Likewise, Asher Peres stated that "observers" in quantum physics are (en)
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| - في ميكانيكا الكم، «الملاحظة» هي مرادفة للقياس الكمي والملاحظ أو المراقب هو من يقوم بعملية القياس. وبالتالي لا يتعين على المراقب في الميكانيكا الكمومية أن يعرض أو يحل أي مشاكل بالإضافة إلى مسألة القياس في ميكانيكا الكم. يرتبط المراقب ارتباطًا وثيقًا بقضية تأثير المراقب، حيث يتغير حاصل الملاحظة بحسب فعل الملاحظة ذاته. ويعبر عن هذا الوضع بدالة موجية.كما أن عدد من التفسيرات الدينية أو الفلسفية الحديثة لميكانيكا الكم، ولا سيما " "، يمنح المراقب دورًا خاصًا، أو يضع قيودًا على من يمكن أن يكون مراقبًا أو ما يمكن أن يكون. لا يوجد بحث موثوق به «يستعرضه الأقران» يدعم مثل هذه الادعاءات. كمثال على هذه الادعاءات، كتب فريتيوف كابرا: «إن السمة الحاسمة للفيزياء الذرية هي أن المراقب البشري ليس ضروريًا فقط لمراقبة خصائص شيء ما، ولكنه ضروري حتى لتحديد هذه الخصائص ... يمكن توضيح ذلك بالحالة البسيطة للجسيمات دون الذرية. عندما بمراقبة مثل هذا الجسيم، يمكن للمرء أن يختار - من بين الكميات الأخرى - موقع الجسيم وزخمه.» (ar)
- Some interpretations of quantum mechanics posit a central role for an observer of a quantum phenomenon. The quantum mechanical observer is tied to the issue of observer effect, where a measurement necessarily requires interacting with the physical object being measured, affecting its properties through the interaction. The term "observable" has gained a technical meaning, denoting a Hermitian operator that represents a measurement. The prominence of seemingly subjective or anthropocentric ideas like "observer" in the early development of the theory has been a continuing source of disquiet and philosophical dispute. A number of new-age religious or philosophical views give the observer a more special role, or place constraints on who or what can be an observer. There is no credible peer-reviewed research that backs such claims. As an example of such claims, Fritjof Capra declared, "The crucial feature of atomic physics is that the human observer is not only necessary to observe the properties of an object, but is necessary even to define these properties." The Copenhagen interpretation, which is the most widely accepted interpretation of quantum mechanics among physicists, posits that an "observer" or a "measurement" is merely a physical process. One of the founders of the Copenhagen interpretation, Werner Heisenberg, wrote: Of course the introduction of the observer must not be misunderstood to imply that some kind of subjective features are to be brought into the description of nature. The observer has, rather, only the function of registering decisions, i.e., processes in space and time, and it does not matter whether the observer is an apparatus or a human being; but the registration, i.e., the transition from the "possible" to the "actual," is absolutely necessary here and cannot be omitted from the interpretation of quantum theory. Niels Bohr, also a founder of the Copenhagen interpretation, wrote: all unambiguous information concerning atomic objects is derived from the permanent marks such as a spot on a photographic plate, caused by the impact of an electron left on the bodies which define the experimental conditions. Far from involving any special intricacy, the irreversible amplification effects on which the recording of the presence of atomic objects rests rather remind us of the essential irreversibility inherent in the very concept of observation. The description of atomic phenomena has in these respects a perfectly objective character, in the sense that no explicit reference is made to any individual observer and that therefore, with proper regard to relativistic exigencies, no ambiguity is involved in the communication of information. Likewise, Asher Peres stated that "observers" in quantum physics are similar to the ubiquitous "observers" who send and receive light signals in special relativity. Obviously, this terminology does not imply the actual presence of human beings. These fictitious physicists may as well be inanimate automata that can perform all the required tasks, if suitably programmed. Critics of the special role of the observer also point out that observers can themselves be observed, leading to paradoxes such as that of Wigner's friend; and that it is not clear how much consciousness is required. As John Bell inquired, "Was the wave function waiting to jump for thousands of millions of years until a single-celled living creature appeared? Or did it have to wait a little longer for some highly qualified measurer—with a PhD?" (en)
- Na mecânica quântica, é um observador qualquer aparelho de medição quântica que pode fazer medição na mecânica quântica. Há um equívoco comum de que é somente a mente de um observador consciente que causa o efeito observador em processos quânticos. Esse erro está enraizado em um mal-entendido da função de onda quântica ψ e do processo de medição quântica. (pt)
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