About: Operation Wetback

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Operation Wetback was an immigration law enforcement initiative created by Joseph Swing, the Director of the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), in cooperation with the Mexican government. The program was implemented in June 1954 by U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell. The implementation of Operation Wetback was a result of Attorney General Henry Brownell's touring of Southern California in August 1953. It was here that he made note of the "shocking and unsettling" issue that was illegal immigration.[[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|page needed]]]_2-0" class="reference"> The short-lived operation used military-style tactics to remove Mexican immigrants—some of them American citizens—from the United States. Though millions of Mexicans had legally entered the country thr

Attributes	Values
rdf:type	Thing yago:WikicatLawEnforcementOperationsInTheUnitedStates yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Action114006945 yago:Attribute100024264 yago:Operation114008806 organisation yago:State100024720
rdfs:label	عملية ويتباك (ar) Operation Wetback (de) Operation Wetback (es) Operazione Wetback (it) Operation Wetback (en) Operation Wetback (nl)
rdfs:comment	عملية ويتباك (بالإنجليزية: Operation Wetback)‏ (مصطلح Wetback هو مصطلح عنصري ضد المكسيكيين) ، هي حملة لإنفاذ قانون الهجرة الأمريكية خلال صيف 1954 وقد أسفرت عن الترحيل الجماعي للمواطنين المكسيكيين (1.1 مليون شخص وفقًا لدائرة الهجرة والتجنس الأمريكية (INS)) ، على الرغم من أن معظم التقديرات تقول أن الرقم أقرب إلى 300,000). صاغ العملية المدعي العام الأمريكي هربرت براونيل ، واطلع عليه الرئيس دوايت أيزنهاور، وقد نشأت عملية Wetback جزئيًا على الأقل استجابة لجزء من المجتمع الأمريكي الذي أصبح غاضبًا من الفساد الواسع الانتشار بين أرباب العمل والمزارعين على طول الحدود المكسيكية وعدم قدرة حرس الحدود الأمريكي على وقف تدفق العمالة غير القانونية . (ar) Operation Wetback bezeichnet eine in den Jahren 1954 und 1955 von den USA vorgenommene Massenabschiebung illegaler mexikanischer Einwanderer. (de) L'operazione Wetback fu un'iniziativa compiuta nel 1954 dal Servizio di Immigrazione Naturalizzazione degli Stati Uniti (INS - Immigration and Nauturalization Service) con lo scopo di deportare circa un milione di immigrati illegali dal sud-ovest degli Stati Uniti. Si rivolse soprattutto agli irregolari messicani, chiamati volgarmente wetbacks. (it) Operation Wetback fue una iniciativa de aplicación de la ley creada por Joseph Swing, el director del Servicio de Inmigración y Naturalización. El programa fue implementado en mayo de 1954 por Herbert Brownell, el Fiscal general de los Estados Unidos. La iniciativa utilizó tácticas de búsqueda y captura discutibles para combatir y dificultar el cruzamiento de la frontera y residencia ilegal en Estados Unidos por nacionales de México. El programa resultó en una drástica disminución de trabajadores ilegales, se convirtió en un problema de roce entre el Gobierno Mexicano y Estadounidense, a pesar de que fue el propio gobierno Mexicano, quien hizo la petición de detener a los mexicanos que ingresaban ilegalmente a los Estados Unidos por lo efectos en su propia economía. (es) Operation Wetback was an immigration law enforcement initiative created by Joseph Swing, the Director of the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), in cooperation with the Mexican government. The program was implemented in June 1954 by U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell. The implementation of Operation Wetback was a result of Attorney General Henry Brownell's touring of Southern California in August 1953. It was here that he made note of the "shocking and unsettling" issue that was illegal immigration.[[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources\|page needed]]]_2-0" class="reference"> The short-lived operation used military-style tactics to remove Mexican immigrants—some of them American citizens—from the United States. Though millions of Mexicans had legally entered the country thr (en) Operation Wetback was een operatie van de (INS) in 1954 waarbij 80.000 ongedocumenteerde personen uit het land werden verwijderd. Het betrof voornamelijk Mexicanen. Veel Amerikaanse boeren maakten gebruik van illegalen uit Mexico. Volgens schattingen waren er voor de operatie van start ging meer dan 1 miljoen mensen illegaal de grens overgestoken. De goedkope Mexicaanse arbeiders verdrongen Amerikaanse werknemers. "Wetback" is tegenwoordig een scheldwoord voor Mexicanen of Centraal-Amerikanen in de Verenigde Staten. (nl)
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	Law enforcement operations in the United States History of immigration to the United States Illegal immigration to the United States Mexican-American history Forced migrations in the United States Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower Mexico–United States relations
Wikipage page ID	1026559 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1123180233 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	California Princeton University Press San Francisco Mexican Repatriation Repatriation flight program Law enforcement operations in the United States Bracero program Joseph May Swing United States Border Patrol United States Department of Justice United States Department of State United States v. Brignoni-Ponce University of California Press Veracruz History of immigration to the United States Illegal immigration to the United States Emigration from Mexico Greaser (derogatory) Operation Gatekeeper Mexican-American history Forced migrations in the United States Los Angeles Los Angeles Times Mexico–United States relations Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight Eisenhower Harlon Carter Herbert Brownell Jr. Texas The Christian Science Monitor History (U.S. TV network) Mexico–United States relations Associated Press Chicago Wetback (slur) Porfirio Díaz Posse Comitatus Act Greaser Act Immigration and Naturalization Service Immigration to the United States Korean War Mexico–United States border On the Issues McCarthyism Illegal immigrant population of the United States Executive order Sarasota Journal U.S. Border Patrol
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	https://www.history.com/news/operation-wetback-eisenhower-1954-deportation https://archive.org/details/impossi_nga_2004_00_9423 https://migration.ucdavis.edu/rmn/more.php%3Fid=1112 http://www.ontheissues.org/celeb/Dwight_Eisenhower_Immigration.htm http://documents.latimes.com/eisenhower-era-deportations/ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Oi8-7neoAQ8C https://news.google.com/newspapers%3Fid=XgUdAAAAIBAJ&pg=5265,4321331&dq=operation-wetback+harlon&hl=en http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0706/p09s01-coop.html https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2015/table39
reference	Astor, Avi. ″Unauthorized Immigration, Securitization, and the Making of Operation Wetback.″ Latino Studies 7 : 5–29. (en) Calavita, Kitty. Inside the State: The Bracero Program, Immigration, and the I.N.S. Reprint edition . New Orleans: Quid Pro Quo Books, 2010. (en) Koulish, Robert. Immigration and American Democracy: Subverting the Rule of Law. New York: Routledge, 2010. (en) Mitchell, Don. They Saved the Crops: Labor, Landscape, and the Struggle over Industrial Farming in Bracero-Era California. Geographies of Justice and Social Transformation Series. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2012. (en)
sameAs	Operation Wetback Operation Wetback Operation Wetback Operation Wetback

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