Peleg Tallman (July 24, 1764 – March 12, 1840) was a United States representative from Massachusetts. He was born in Tiverton in the Rhode Island Colony and attended public schools. He served in the Revolutionary War on the privateer Trumbull, and lost an arm in an engagement in 1780. He was captured and imprisoned by the British. After the War, he engaged in mercantile pursuits in Bath (which was a part of Massachusetts' District of Maine until 1820).