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The Pseudo-Seneca is a Roman bronze bust of the late 1st century BC that was discovered in the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum in 1754, the finest example of about two dozen examples depicting the same face. It was originally believed to depict Seneca the Younger, the notable Roman philosopher, because its emaciated features were supposed to reflect his Stoic philosophy. However, modern scholars agree it is likely a fictitious portrait, probably intended for either Hesiod or Aristophanes. It is thought that the original example was a lost Greek bronze of ca. 200 BC. The bust is conserved in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples.

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  • Pseudo-Séneca (es)
  • Pseudo-Sénèque (sculpture) (fr)
  • Pseudo-Seneca (it)
  • Pseudo-Seneca (en)
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  • El Pseudo-Seneca es un busto de bronce Romano de finales del siglo I a.C. que fue descubierto en la Villa de los Papiros en Herculano en 1754, el mejor ejemplo de unas dos docenas de modelos representando la misma cara. Originalmente se presumía que representaba a Séneca el Joven, pues sus rasgos demacrados dejaban en suposición que reflejaban su filosofía estoica. Sin embargo, eruditos modernos afirman en que es seguramente un retrato ficticio, probablemente destinado a representar a Hesíodo o Aristófanes. Se piensa que el modelo original fue un bronce griego del 200 a. C. Se halla conservado en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Nápoles. (es)
  • The Pseudo-Seneca is a Roman bronze bust of the late 1st century BC that was discovered in the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum in 1754, the finest example of about two dozen examples depicting the same face. It was originally believed to depict Seneca the Younger, the notable Roman philosopher, because its emaciated features were supposed to reflect his Stoic philosophy. However, modern scholars agree it is likely a fictitious portrait, probably intended for either Hesiod or Aristophanes. It is thought that the original example was a lost Greek bronze of ca. 200 BC. The bust is conserved in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples. (en)
  • Le Pseudo-Sénèque est le nom traditionnellement donné à un buste romain masculin en bronze, découvert lors des fouilles de la villa des Papyrus à Herculanum, en 1754. Ce portrait aux traits émaciés a été identifié dès sa découverte comme celui du philosophe Sénèque, mais les commentateurs modernes le considèrent plutôt comme le portrait imaginaire d’un auteur grec, par exemple Hésiode. Il est conservé au Musée archéologique national de Naples (inv. 5616). (fr)
  • Lo Pseudo-Seneca è un busto romano in bronzo della fine del I secolo a.C. scoperto a Ercolano nel 1754 e conservato presso il Museo archeologico nazionale di Napoli. Si tratta del più bell'esempio rinvenuto tra le circa due dozzine di busti raffiguranti lo stesso soggetto. Inizialmente si credeva che rappresentasse Lucio Anneo Seneca, il famoso filosofo romano del I secolo d.C., tuttavia, gli studiosi moderni concordano che sia probabilmente un ritratto immaginario, presumibilmente di Esiodo, anche se sussiste altresì l'ipotesi che possa trattarsi di Lucrezio. (it)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Seneca-berlinantikensammlung-1.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Seneca.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pseudo-Seneca_MAN_Napoli_Inv5616_n01.jpg
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  • El Pseudo-Seneca es un busto de bronce Romano de finales del siglo I a.C. que fue descubierto en la Villa de los Papiros en Herculano en 1754, el mejor ejemplo de unas dos docenas de modelos representando la misma cara. Originalmente se presumía que representaba a Séneca el Joven, pues sus rasgos demacrados dejaban en suposición que reflejaban su filosofía estoica. Sin embargo, eruditos modernos afirman en que es seguramente un retrato ficticio, probablemente destinado a representar a Hesíodo o Aristófanes. Se piensa que el modelo original fue un bronce griego del 200 a. C. Se halla conservado en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Nápoles. Este término también es usado para los autores inciertos de varios textos antiguos y medievales, así como De remediis fortuitorum, que relatan ser hechas por el autor romano.​ Al menos algunos de estos parecen preservar y adaptar contenido genuino de Séneca, por ejemplo el Formula vitæ honestæ o De differentiis quatuor virtutumvitæ honestæ de San Martín de Braga. Manuscritos tempranos preservan el prefacio de Martín, donde hace claro que esto fue su adaptación, pero en copias posteriores esto fue omitido, y la obra fue totalmente sabida como una de Séneca.​ (es)
  • Le Pseudo-Sénèque est le nom traditionnellement donné à un buste romain masculin en bronze, découvert lors des fouilles de la villa des Papyrus à Herculanum, en 1754. Ce portrait aux traits émaciés a été identifié dès sa découverte comme celui du philosophe Sénèque, mais les commentateurs modernes le considèrent plutôt comme le portrait imaginaire d’un auteur grec, par exemple Hésiode. Il est conservé au Musée archéologique national de Naples (inv. 5616). Il peut s’agir d’un original hellénistique exécuté vers 200 av. J.-C., ou d’une copie romaine, nécessairement antérieure à l’éruption du Vésuve de 79 apr. J.-C. (fr)
  • The Pseudo-Seneca is a Roman bronze bust of the late 1st century BC that was discovered in the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum in 1754, the finest example of about two dozen examples depicting the same face. It was originally believed to depict Seneca the Younger, the notable Roman philosopher, because its emaciated features were supposed to reflect his Stoic philosophy. However, modern scholars agree it is likely a fictitious portrait, probably intended for either Hesiod or Aristophanes. It is thought that the original example was a lost Greek bronze of ca. 200 BC. The bust is conserved in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples. "Pseudo-Seneca" is also used for the uncertain authors of various antique and medieval texts such as De remediis fortuitorum, which purport to be by the Roman author. At least some of these seem to preserve and adapt genuine Senecan content, for example Saint Martin of Braga's (d. c. 580) Formula vitae honestae, or De differentiis quatuor virtutumvitae honestae ("Rules for an Honest Life", or "On the Four Cardinal Virtues"). Early Mss. preserve Martin's preface, where he makes it clear that this was his adaptation, but in later copies this was omitted, and the work became thought fully Seneca's work. (en)
  • Lo Pseudo-Seneca è un busto romano in bronzo della fine del I secolo a.C. scoperto a Ercolano nel 1754 e conservato presso il Museo archeologico nazionale di Napoli. Si tratta del più bell'esempio rinvenuto tra le circa due dozzine di busti raffiguranti lo stesso soggetto. Inizialmente si credeva che rappresentasse Lucio Anneo Seneca, il famoso filosofo romano del I secolo d.C., tuttavia, gli studiosi moderni concordano che sia probabilmente un ritratto immaginario, presumibilmente di Esiodo, anche se sussiste altresì l'ipotesi che possa trattarsi di Lucrezio. Probabilmente il busto originale era un bronzo greco perduto del 200 a.C. circa. (it)
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