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In ufology, the psychosocial hypothesis, abbreviated PSH, argues that at least some UFO reports are best explained by psychological or social means. It is often contrasted with the better-known extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), and is particularly popular among UFO researchers in the United Kingdom, such as David Clarke, Hilary Evans, the editors of Magonia magazine, and many of the contributors to Fortean Times magazine. It has also been popular in France since the publication in 1977 of a book written by Michel Monnerie, Et si les ovnis n'existaient pas? (What if UFOs do not exist?).

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  • Modèle sociopsychologique du phénomène ovni (fr)
  • Ipotesi psicosociale sugli UFO (it)
  • Psychosocial hypothesis (en)
  • Hipótese psicossocial (pt)
  • Гипотезы происхождения НЛО (ru)
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  • Термин «неопознанный летающий объект» — обобщающее понятие, обозначающее передвижение в воздушном пространстве не идентифицированных летательных аппаратов, употребляется диспетчерами наземных служб слежения по отношению к зарегистрированному движению в воздухе аппаратов, не поддающихся классификации. В уфологии — обобщает все случаи наблюдения неидентифицированных летательных аппаратов, которым на данный момент нет другого научного объяснения. Тем не менее существует ряд паранаучных гипотез, к которым прибегают различные авторы для объяснения этих случаев. Ниже приводятся основные из них, все остальные возможные гипотезы являются их комбинацией. (ru)
  • Le modèle sociopsychologique du phénomène ovni est une thèse visant à expliquer la plupart des observations d'objet volant non identifié dans un cadre sociopsychologique, c'est-à-dire dans un milieu social dans lequel les individus peuvent s'influencer mutuellement (soit par communication directe, le bouche à oreille, soit par l'amplification qu'en donnent les médias directement implantés dans ce milieu). sur les allégations d'observations d'ovnis et d'enlèvements par des extraterrestres est également relevée par plusieurs auteurs. (fr)
  • In ufology, the psychosocial hypothesis, abbreviated PSH, argues that at least some UFO reports are best explained by psychological or social means. It is often contrasted with the better-known extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), and is particularly popular among UFO researchers in the United Kingdom, such as David Clarke, Hilary Evans, the editors of Magonia magazine, and many of the contributors to Fortean Times magazine. It has also been popular in France since the publication in 1977 of a book written by Michel Monnerie, Et si les ovnis n'existaient pas? (What if UFOs do not exist?). (en)
  • L'ipotesi psicosociale sugli UFO, detta anche ipotesi psicoculturale o ipotesi sociopsicologica, consiste nella spiegazione che la comunità scientifica fornisce in merito al fenomeno degli avvistamenti di UFO e alle varie leggende metropolitane a essi correlate, quali presunti contatti e rapimenti alieni. Tali fenomeni si spiegano con ragioni psicologiche, sociologiche e culturali. L'ipotesi psicosociale si contrappone alle tesi non scientifiche degli ufologi, che invece sostengono la cosiddetta ipotesi extraterrestre, e si differenzia dal mero debunking, il cui scopo si limita a smascherare bufale, in quanto studia il fenomeno con l'obiettivo di identificarne le cause. (it)
  • Na ufologia, a hipótese psicossocial ou psicocultural, abreviada como HPS ou HPC, defende que alguns relatos de OVNIs são melhor explicados pela psicologia e ou antropologia. É comumente contraposta à mais conhecida (HET), e é particularmente popular entre pesquisadores OVNI na Europa, principalmente no Reino Unido e França. A hipótese psicocultural é ocasionalmente confundida com a posição agressiva anti-HET, mas há uma diferença importante em que o pesquisador adepto da HPS vê os OVNIs como um tema interessante que merece estudo sério, ainda que de uma forma cética. (pt)
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  • Le modèle sociopsychologique du phénomène ovni est une thèse visant à expliquer la plupart des observations d'objet volant non identifié dans un cadre sociopsychologique, c'est-à-dire dans un milieu social dans lequel les individus peuvent s'influencer mutuellement (soit par communication directe, le bouche à oreille, soit par l'amplification qu'en donnent les médias directement implantés dans ce milieu). La théorie qui consiste à chercher une explication dans ce modèle repose en partie sur le principe du rasoir d'Ockham, selon lequel l'explication la plus simple à un phénomène a priori inexplicable doit être privilégiée au détriment de thèses plus compliquées (particulièrement lorsqu'elles mettent en avant des éléments non prouvés comme des visites de la Terre par des extraterrestres). Cette hypothèse qui explique le phénomène ovni par des méprises, des erreurs d'interprétation, des hallucinations ou de faux souvenirs, reçoit le soutien d'une partie de la communauté scientifique. sur les allégations d'observations d'ovnis et d'enlèvements par des extraterrestres est également relevée par plusieurs auteurs. (fr)
  • In ufology, the psychosocial hypothesis, abbreviated PSH, argues that at least some UFO reports are best explained by psychological or social means. It is often contrasted with the better-known extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), and is particularly popular among UFO researchers in the United Kingdom, such as David Clarke, Hilary Evans, the editors of Magonia magazine, and many of the contributors to Fortean Times magazine. It has also been popular in France since the publication in 1977 of a book written by Michel Monnerie, Et si les ovnis n'existaient pas? (What if UFOs do not exist?). UFOlogists claim that the psychosocial hypothesis is occasionally confused with aggressive anti-ETH debunking, but that there is an important difference in that the PSH researcher sees UFOs as an interesting subject that is worthy of serious study, even if it is approached in a skeptical (i.e. non-credulous) way. The psychosocial hypothesis builds on the finding that most ufo reports have mundane explanations like celestial objects, airplane lights, balloons, and a host of other misperceived things seen in the sky which suggests the presence of an unusual emotional climate which distorts perceptions and the perceived significance and anomalousness of merely terrestrial stimuli. In the more exotic situation where people claim direct contact with extraterrestrials, the need for a psychosocial approach seems obligated by the presence of at least 70 claims of people meeting Venusians and at least 50 claims of meeting Martians; both worlds now known to be uninhabitable and devoid of any advanced civilization. Hoaxing seems to explain some of these contactees claims, but visionary dreams, hallucinations, and other mental processes are clearly implicated in such myth-based material. By generalization, the other material suggesting the presence of extraterrestrial entities from elsewhere is hypothesized to be explainable by similar means. The observed presence of surreal dream-like activity and imagery or themes based in the cultural environment and historically understood sources reinforces the proposition that the extraterrestrial hypothesis is unnecessary and, by Occam's razor, probably incorrect. (en)
  • L'ipotesi psicosociale sugli UFO, detta anche ipotesi psicoculturale o ipotesi sociopsicologica, consiste nella spiegazione che la comunità scientifica fornisce in merito al fenomeno degli avvistamenti di UFO e alle varie leggende metropolitane a essi correlate, quali presunti contatti e rapimenti alieni. Tali fenomeni si spiegano con ragioni psicologiche, sociologiche e culturali. L'ipotesi psicosociale si contrappone alle tesi non scientifiche degli ufologi, che invece sostengono la cosiddetta ipotesi extraterrestre, e si differenzia dal mero debunking, il cui scopo si limita a smascherare bufale, in quanto studia il fenomeno con l'obiettivo di identificarne le cause. Tale tesi è sostenuta dalla comunità scientifica in quanto è compatibile con l'insieme delle conoscenze accertate con metodo scientifico e pertanto, in base al principio del rasoio di Occam, è ritenuta preferibile all'ipotesi extraterrestre e all'ipotesi interdimensionale. (it)
  • Термин «неопознанный летающий объект» — обобщающее понятие, обозначающее передвижение в воздушном пространстве не идентифицированных летательных аппаратов, употребляется диспетчерами наземных служб слежения по отношению к зарегистрированному движению в воздухе аппаратов, не поддающихся классификации. В уфологии — обобщает все случаи наблюдения неидентифицированных летательных аппаратов, которым на данный момент нет другого научного объяснения. Тем не менее существует ряд паранаучных гипотез, к которым прибегают различные авторы для объяснения этих случаев. Ниже приводятся основные из них, все остальные возможные гипотезы являются их комбинацией. (ru)
  • Na ufologia, a hipótese psicossocial ou psicocultural, abreviada como HPS ou HPC, defende que alguns relatos de OVNIs são melhor explicados pela psicologia e ou antropologia. É comumente contraposta à mais conhecida (HET), e é particularmente popular entre pesquisadores OVNI na Europa, principalmente no Reino Unido e França. A hipótese psicocultural é ocasionalmente confundida com a posição agressiva anti-HET, mas há uma diferença importante em que o pesquisador adepto da HPS vê os OVNIs como um tema interessante que merece estudo sério, ainda que de uma forma cética. Esta hipótese não é uma forma única ou generalizada de explicar o fenômeno OVNI. Ela envolve explicações diferentes a casos particulares, embora todas centradas de alguma forma no comportamento humano. Exemplos de explicações englobadas na HPS são alucinações, fraudes e enganos com estímulos prosaicos. Devido à sua ênfase no comportamento humano, ela freqüentemente busca explicar porque um fenômeno foi interepretado da maneira que foi, recorrendo a temas e influências pré-existentes. Um dos argumentos em favor da hipótese psicossocial, em comparação com outras interpretações heterodoxas como a Hipótese interdimensional ou a é que enquanto essas residem além do conhecimento aceito pela ciência, a hipótese psicossocial não só é compatível com tal corpo científico como oferece uma abordagem positiva e integradora. Uma forma diferente da "hipótese psicocultural" tem sido sugerida por defensores da HET contestando o comportamento da sociedade em geral com relação à ufologia. Segundo eles, o ceticismo exacerbado dirigido a testemunhas e pesquisadores seria em si mesmo uma tendência psicocultural condicionada pelas autoridades. (pt)
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