Quilpie (/ˈkwɪlpi/ KWIL-pee) is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Quilpie, Queensland, Australia. In the 2016 census, Quilpie had a population of 595 people. The town is the administrative centre of the Quilpie Shire local government area. The town of Toompine is also within the locality. The economy of the area is based on the grazing and mining industries. The area has one of the largest deposits of boulder opal in the world, and also has extensive deposits of gas and oil.