Robert Louis Mouton (October 20, 1892 – November 26, 1956) was a U.S. Representative from Louisiana. Born in Duchamp in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, Mouton moved with his parents to Lafayette, where he attended public schools. He graduated from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, then known as Southwestern Louisiana Institute. He was employed as a clerk in a bank in 1911 and 1912. He served as member of the faculty of St. Charles College in Grand Coteau from 1912 to 1914. He engaged in the insurance business and also operated a night school at Lafayette in 1915 and 1916. He served as aide to the general receiver of customs on the island of Haiti, in 1916 and as collector of customs at Gonaives, Haiti, from March 1917 to April 1919. During World War I, Mouton enlisted in the United S