About: Saltwater and freshwater economics

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In economics, the freshwater school (or sometimes sweetwater school) comprises US-based macroeconomists who, in the early 1970s, challenged the prevailing consensus in macroeconomics research. A key element of their approach was the argument that macroeconomics had to be dynamic and based on how individuals and institutions interact in markets and make decisions under uncertainty.

Attributes	Values
rdf:type	Thing
rdfs:label	海水学派と淡水学派 (ja) Saltwater and freshwater economics (en) 淡水学派与咸水学派 (zh)
rdfs:comment	海水学派（Saltwater School）と淡水学派（Freshwater School）は、マクロ経済学の学派。 1970年代初頭のアメリカにおいて、マクロ経済学はダイナミック（動的）でなければならず、個人や機関が市場でどのように相互作用し、不確実性の下でどのような意思決定を行うかに基づくべきであるという潮流が、北米の五大湖に近いシカゴ大学、カーネギーメロン大学、コーネル大学、ミネソタ大学、ロチェスター大学の各学部を中心に展開されたため淡水学派（Freshwater School/Sweetwater School）と呼ばれた。一方、既に確立されていたマクロ経済研究の方法論は、主にカリフォルニア大学バークレー校・ロサンゼルス校、ブラウン大学、デューク大学、ハーバード大学、ペンシルバニア大学、プリンストン大学、コロンビア大学、イェール大学などのアメリカの東海岸と西海岸に近い大学の経済学者によって守られていたため、海水学派（Saltwater School）と呼ばれた。 (ja) 淡水學派（英語：freshwater school），又稱甜水學派（sweetwater school），1970年代出現於美國的總體經濟學思潮，主張自由經濟、市場經濟，立場上接近於新古典經濟學，其主要成員主要來自芝加哥大學、卡內基美隆大學、羅徹斯特大學、明尼蘇達大學等。這些大學靠近五大湖區，所以被稱為淡水學派。與淡水學派對抗，支持凱恩斯主義、政府干預的總體經濟學者，則被稱為鹽水學派（英語：saltwater schools，又譯為鹹水學派）。這派學者主要來自於哈佛大學、耶魯大學、麻省理工學院、史丹福大學、柏克萊加州大學、賓夕法尼亞大學、普林斯敦大學、哥倫比亞大學等。這些大學分別位於美國東岸與西岸，故稱鹽水大學。這兩個術語，最早出現於1976年經濟學家羅伯特·霍爾（Robert Hall）的文章，很快就成為經濟學界常見的稱呼。這兩個學派共同形成了主流經濟學傳統。 (zh) In economics, the freshwater school (or sometimes sweetwater school) comprises US-based macroeconomists who, in the early 1970s, challenged the prevailing consensus in macroeconomics research. A key element of their approach was the argument that macroeconomics had to be dynamic and based on how individuals and institutions interact in markets and make decisions under uncertainty. (en)
rdfs:seeAlso	Fiscal policy
dcterms:subject	Schools of economic thought
Wikipage page ID	13811803 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1120295076 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Carnegie Mellon University Schools of economic thought Princeton University Schools of economic thought Bounded rationality Robert Hall (economist) United States University of California, Berkeley University of California, Los Angeles University of Chicago University of Minnesota University of Pennsylvania University of Rochester Columbia University Cornell University Chicago school of economics Great Lakes Real business cycle theory MIT Stanford University Sticky (economics) Brown University West Coast of the United States Liquidity trap Duke University East Coast of the United States Northwestern University Ricardian equivalence Greg Mankiw Harvard University The Economist Keynesian economics Efficient-market hypothesis Homo economicus Business cycle New Keynesian economics Rational expectations Yale University Macroeconomics Neoclassical synthesis New classical macroeconomics Imperfect competition Lucas critique Market failures University of Wisconsin-Madison
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://angrybearblog.com/2009/01/background-on-fresh-water-and-salt.html http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm%3Fstory_ID=14030288
sameAs	Saltwater and freshwater economics Saltwater and freshwater economics Saltwater and freshwater economics Saltwater and freshwater economics Saltwater and freshwater economics Saltwater and freshwater economics
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate	dbt:Colend dbt:Quote dbt:Reflist dbt:See_also dbt:Economics dbt:Cols dbt:Macroeconomics dbt:Macroeconomics_sidebar
has abstract	In economics, the freshwater school (or sometimes sweetwater school) comprises US-based macroeconomists who, in the early 1970s, challenged the prevailing consensus in macroeconomics research. A key element of their approach was the argument that macroeconomics had to be dynamic and based on how individuals and institutions interact in markets and make decisions under uncertainty. This new approach was centered in the faculties of the University of Chicago, Carnegie Mellon University, Stanford University, Cornell University, Northwestern University, the University of Minnesota, the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the University of Rochester. They were called the "freshwater school" because Chicago, Pittsburgh, Ithaca, Minneapolis, Madison, Rochester etc. are close to the North American Great Lakes. The established methodological approach to macroeconomic research was primarily defended by economists at the universities and other institutions near the east and west coasts of the United States. These included University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Los Angeles, Brown University, Duke University, Harvard University, MIT, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, Columbia University, and Yale University. They were therefore often called "saltwater schools". (en) 海水学派（Saltwater School）と淡水学派（Freshwater School）は、マクロ経済学の学派。 1970年代初頭のアメリカにおいて、マクロ経済学はダイナミック（動的）でなければならず、個人や機関が市場でどのように相互作用し、不確実性の下でどのような意思決定を行うかに基づくべきであるという潮流が、北米の五大湖に近いシカゴ大学、カーネギーメロン大学、コーネル大学、ミネソタ大学、ロチェスター大学の各学部を中心に展開されたため淡水学派（Freshwater School/Sweetwater School）と呼ばれた。一方、既に確立されていたマクロ経済研究の方法論は、主にカリフォルニア大学バークレー校・ロサンゼルス校、ブラウン大学、デューク大学、ハーバード大学、ペンシルバニア大学、プリンストン大学、コロンビア大学、イェール大学などのアメリカの東海岸と西海岸に近い大学の経済学者によって守られていたため、海水学派（Saltwater School）と呼ばれた。 (ja) 淡水學派（英語：freshwater school），又稱甜水學派（sweetwater school），1970年代出現於美國的總體經濟學思潮，主張自由經濟、市場經濟，立場上接近於新古典經濟學，其主要成員主要來自芝加哥大學、卡內基美隆大學、羅徹斯特大學、明尼蘇達大學等。這些大學靠近五大湖區，所以被稱為淡水學派。與淡水學派對抗，支持凱恩斯主義、政府干預的總體經濟學者，則被稱為鹽水學派（英語：saltwater schools，又譯為鹹水學派）。這派學者主要來自於哈佛大學、耶魯大學、麻省理工學院、史丹福大學、柏克萊加州大學、賓夕法尼亞大學、普林斯敦大學、哥倫比亞大學等。這些大學分別位於美國東岸與西岸，故稱鹽水大學。這兩個術語，最早出現於1976年經濟學家羅伯特·霍爾（Robert Hall）的文章，很快就成為經濟學界常見的稱呼。這兩個學派共同形成了主流經濟學傳統。 (zh)
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Saltwater_and_freshwater_economics?oldid=1120295076&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	9303 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Saltwater_and_freshwater_economics
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	Schools of economic thought Chicago school of economics Keynesian Revolution Actually existing capitalism Freshwater (disambiguation) Freshwater school (economics) Tepper School of Business Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought University of Pennsylvania Economics Department Supply creates its own demand Freshwater economics Freshwater economist Freshwater school Saltwater economics Saltwater economist Saltwater school (economics)
is Wikipage redirect of	Freshwater school (economics) Freshwater economics Freshwater economist Freshwater school Saltwater economics Saltwater economist

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