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The Surontiko Samin's challenge is an Indonesian spiritual and social movement founded by Surontiko Samin in north-central Java, Indonesia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Saminism rejected the capitalist views of the colonial Dutch, who predominately forced taxes upon the people of Indonesia, including the poor, and monopolized their free public forest lands; particularly land which contains precious teak forests used for trade. Samin people do not belong to the Muslim faith, and they do not practice many of the Islamic rituals such as fasting or praying. However they do focus on the spiritual aspect of all mainstream religions as well as good values, such as modesty, honesty, and simplicity.

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  • Ajaran Samin (in)
  • Samin (fr)
  • Saminism Movement (en)
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  • Ajaran Samin (disebut juga Pergerakan Samin atau Saminisme) adalah salah satu suku yang ada di Indonesia. Masyarakat ini adalah keturunan para pengikut Samin Surosentiko yang mengajarkan sedulur sikep, di mana mereka mengobarkan semangat perlawanan terhadap Belanda dalam bentuk lain di luar kekerasan. Bentuk yang dilakukan adalah menolak membayar pajak, menolak segala peraturan yang dibuat pemerintah kolonial. Masyarakat ini acap memusingkan pemerintah Belanda maupun penjajahan Jepang karena sikap itu, sikap yang hingga sekarang dianggap menjengkelkan oleh kelompok di luarnya. (in)
  • The Surontiko Samin's challenge is an Indonesian spiritual and social movement founded by Surontiko Samin in north-central Java, Indonesia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Saminism rejected the capitalist views of the colonial Dutch, who predominately forced taxes upon the people of Indonesia, including the poor, and monopolized their free public forest lands; particularly land which contains precious teak forests used for trade. Samin people do not belong to the Muslim faith, and they do not practice many of the Islamic rituals such as fasting or praying. However they do focus on the spiritual aspect of all mainstream religions as well as good values, such as modesty, honesty, and simplicity. (en)
  • Les Samin sont une communauté coutumière d'Indonésie vivant dans la région de à Java oriental, au milieu d'une forêt de teck. On en trouve également dans le kabupaten de Blora à Java central, de l'autre côté du fleuve Solo. Les Samin descendent des disciples de Surosentiko Samin. Samin était un fermier qui dans les années 1890, prêchait une résistance au pouvoir colonial hollandais. Il réagissait à l'accaparement de forêts de teck par les autorités. Celles-ci en interdisaient l'accès aux villageois, les déclarant propriété hollandaise. Le mouvement a survécu jusque dans les années 1960. (fr)
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  • Les Samin sont une communauté coutumière d'Indonésie vivant dans la région de à Java oriental, au milieu d'une forêt de teck. On en trouve également dans le kabupaten de Blora à Java central, de l'autre côté du fleuve Solo. Les Samin descendent des disciples de Surosentiko Samin. Samin était un fermier qui dans les années 1890, prêchait une résistance au pouvoir colonial hollandais. Il réagissait à l'accaparement de forêts de teck par les autorités. Celles-ci en interdisaient l'accès aux villageois, les déclarant propriété hollandaise. Samin voulait que la population puisse accéder aux ressources des forêts de teck. Il s'agissait d'un mouvement communaliste pacifiste. Plutôt que d'organiser un soulèvement violent, Samin prêchait des formes pacifiques de résistance, comme le refus de payer l'impôt au gouvernement colonial, et de continuer à prendre du teck des forêts comme la population le faisait depuis toujours. Les autorités coloniales leur refusèrent cet accès. Samin mettait l'accent sur la structure de la communauté villageoise, le mysticisme et la sexualité. Son message était également un mouvement de protestation, aussi bien contre les chefs traditionnels qu'étaient les bupati, préfets choisis parmi la noblesse de robe javanaise, que contre les autorités coloniales des Indes orientales néerlandaises. Le mouvement a survécu jusque dans les années 1960. Les Samin, tout en se déclarant musulmans, ne pratiquent pas de nombreux rites, comme le jeûne et la prière régulière. Ils insitent plutôt sur les aspects spirituels de l'islam, ainsi que des principes moraux comme l'honnêteté, la modestie et la simplicité. En ce sens, ils sont semblables aux autres adeptes de la religion traditionnelle javanaise. (fr)
  • The Surontiko Samin's challenge is an Indonesian spiritual and social movement founded by Surontiko Samin in north-central Java, Indonesia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Saminism rejected the capitalist views of the colonial Dutch, who predominately forced taxes upon the people of Indonesia, including the poor, and monopolized their free public forest lands; particularly land which contains precious teak forests used for trade. Samin people do not belong to the Muslim faith, and they do not practice many of the Islamic rituals such as fasting or praying. However they do focus on the spiritual aspect of all mainstream religions as well as good values, such as modesty, honesty, and simplicity. Because Surontiko Samin was illiterate, and also his followers and other Saminist leaders, there is no written first-hand accounts of the Saminist movement. This has posed a problem for historians and social scientist because of the lack of written records from the Saminists themselves. It is perhaps no exaggeration to say that the movement founded by Surontiko Samin, a Javanese peasant, is one of the longest-living social phenomena in modern Javanese history. It antedated by about two decades the general awakening of organizational activity which Indonesians have come to call their Kebangkitan Nasional despite an early eclipse, it managed to survive in its original locale (though barely ever spreading to adjacent areas for longer periods of time) throughout the colonial period. At its peak, when it probably counted some three thousand households, it disturbed the colonial bureaucracy with forebodings of massive peasant resistance, producing a flurry of attention out of all proportion (as some few contemporaries realized) to the occasion ; subsequently it dropped from view, provoking no more than a few lines in the annual surveys published by the Dutch authorities, yet already capturing the imagination of some Indonesian intellectuals who came to view it as a manifestation of indigenous socialism, peasant virtue, and patriotic resistance to colonialism. Saminism, in fact, has survived into the era of Indonesian independence. The sheer stubbornness, with which some Javanese in a rather remote part of the island have clung to the ideas of their long-dead founder, deserves careful attention. And the fact that it did not cease when colonial rule ended, the fact that civil servants serving the Indonesian Republic appear to be almost as perplexed by Saminism as were their Dutch predecessors also indicates that it cannot be simply subsumed under the broader heading of nationalism. Recent political developments of a far more radical-political form in the heartland of Saminism appear to us to have been distinctive and by no means directly related to Saminism. (en)
  • Ajaran Samin (disebut juga Pergerakan Samin atau Saminisme) adalah salah satu suku yang ada di Indonesia. Masyarakat ini adalah keturunan para pengikut Samin Surosentiko yang mengajarkan sedulur sikep, di mana mereka mengobarkan semangat perlawanan terhadap Belanda dalam bentuk lain di luar kekerasan. Bentuk yang dilakukan adalah menolak membayar pajak, menolak segala peraturan yang dibuat pemerintah kolonial. Masyarakat ini acap memusingkan pemerintah Belanda maupun penjajahan Jepang karena sikap itu, sikap yang hingga sekarang dianggap menjengkelkan oleh kelompok di luarnya. Masyarakat Samin sendiri juga mengisolasi diri hingga baru pada tahun '70-an, mereka baru tahu Indonesia telah merdeka. Kelompok Samin ini tersebar sampai Jawa Tengah, namun konsentrasi terbesarnya berada di kawasan Blora, Jawa Tengah dan Bojonegoro, Jawa Timur yang masing-masing bermukim di perbatasan kedua wilayah. Jumlah mereka tidak banyak dan tinggal di kawasan pegunungan Kendeng di perbatasan dua provinsi. Kelompok Samin lebih suka disebut wong sikep, karena kata samin bagi mereka mengandung makna negatif. Orang luar Samin sering menganggap mereka sebagai kelompok yang lugu, tidak suka mencuri, menolak membayar pajak, dan acap menjadi bahan lelucon terutama di kalangan masyarakat Bojonegoro. Pokok ajaran Samin Surosentiko, yang nama aslinya Raden Kohar, kelahiran Desa Ploso Kedhiren, Randublatung, tahun 1859, dan meninggal saat diasingkan ke Padang, 1914. (in)
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